TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of a low copy repetitive element S232 involved in the generation of frequent deletions of the distal short arm of the human X chromosome
AU - Li, Xiao miao
AU - Yen, Pauline H.
AU - Shapiro, Larry J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Katherine Neiswanger for primate DNA's, Carey Johnson, Jay Ellison and Henry Lin for useful input and discussion, and Nelva Hitt for help in preparing the manuscript. The work was supported by funds from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, grant HD12178 from NIH and grant 1-639 from the March of Dimes.
PY - 1992/3/11
Y1 - 1992/3/11
N2 - There are several copies of related sequences on the distal short arm of the human X chromosome and the proximal long arm of the Y chromosome which were originally detected by cross hybridization with a genomic DNA clone, CRI-S232. Recombination between two S232-like sequences flanking the steroid sulfatase locus has been shown to cause frequent deletions in the X chromosome short arm, resulting in steroid sulfatase deficiency. We now report the characterization of several S232-like sequences. Restriction mapping and sequence analysis show that each S232 unit contains 5 kb of unique sequence in addition to two elements, RU1 and RU2, composed of a variable number of tandem repeats. RU1 consists of 30 bp repeating units and its length shows minimal variation between individuals. The RU2 elements in the hypervariable S232 loci on the X chromosome consist of repeating sequences which are highly asymmetric, with about 90% purines and no C's on one strand. The X-derived RU2 elements range from 0.6 kb to over 23 kb among different individuals, accounting entirely for the observed polymorphism at the S232 loci. Although the repeating units of the RU2 elements in the non-polymorphic S232 loci on the Y chromosome share high sequence homology with those on the X chromosome, they exhibit much higher Intrarepeat sequence variation. S232 homologous sequences are found in great apes, old world and new world monkeys. In chimpanzees and gorillas the S232-like sequences are polymorphic in length.
AB - There are several copies of related sequences on the distal short arm of the human X chromosome and the proximal long arm of the Y chromosome which were originally detected by cross hybridization with a genomic DNA clone, CRI-S232. Recombination between two S232-like sequences flanking the steroid sulfatase locus has been shown to cause frequent deletions in the X chromosome short arm, resulting in steroid sulfatase deficiency. We now report the characterization of several S232-like sequences. Restriction mapping and sequence analysis show that each S232 unit contains 5 kb of unique sequence in addition to two elements, RU1 and RU2, composed of a variable number of tandem repeats. RU1 consists of 30 bp repeating units and its length shows minimal variation between individuals. The RU2 elements in the hypervariable S232 loci on the X chromosome consist of repeating sequences which are highly asymmetric, with about 90% purines and no C's on one strand. The X-derived RU2 elements range from 0.6 kb to over 23 kb among different individuals, accounting entirely for the observed polymorphism at the S232 loci. Although the repeating units of the RU2 elements in the non-polymorphic S232 loci on the Y chromosome share high sequence homology with those on the X chromosome, they exhibit much higher Intrarepeat sequence variation. S232 homologous sequences are found in great apes, old world and new world monkeys. In chimpanzees and gorillas the S232-like sequences are polymorphic in length.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0026548122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/nar/20.5.1117
DO - 10.1093/nar/20.5.1117
M3 - Article
C2 - 1549475
AN - SCOPUS:0026548122
SN - 0305-1048
VL - 20
SP - 1117
EP - 1122
JO - Nucleic acids research
JF - Nucleic acids research
IS - 5
ER -