@article{7b257a59cc7b4cb79b2c7bc0120d273b,
title = "Cerebral Blood Flow Predicts Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment into Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline: An Arterial Spin Labeling Follow-up Study",
abstract = "Background: This is the first longitudinal study to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during the progression from normal control (NC) through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: We aim to determine if perfusion MRI biomarkers, derived from our prior cross-sectional study, can predict the onset and cognitive decline of AD. Methods: Perfusion MRIs using arterial spin labeling (ASL) were acquired in 15 stable-NC, 14 NC-to-MCI, 16 stable-MCI, and 18 MCI/AD-to-AD participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cognition study. Group comparisons, predictions of AD conversion and time to conversion, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) from rCBF were performed. Results: Compared to the stable-NC group: 1) the stable-MCI group exhibited rCBF decreases in the right temporoparietal (p = 0.00010) and right inferior frontal and insula (p = 0.0094) regions; and 2) the MCI/AD-to-AD group exhibited rCBF decreases in the bilateral temporoparietal regions (p = 0.00062 and 0.0035). Compared to the NC-to-MCI group, the stable-MCI group exhibited a rCBF decrease in the right hippocampus region (p = 0.0053). The baseline rCBF values in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p = 0.0043), bilateral superior medial frontal regions (BSMF) (p = 0.012), and left inferior frontal (p = 0.010) regions predicted the 3MSE scores for all the participants at follow-up. The baseline rCBF in the PCC and BSMF regions predicted the conversion and time to conversion from MCI to AD (p < 0.05; not significant after multiple corrections). Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of ASL in detecting rCBF changes in the typical AD-affected regions and the predictive value of baseline rCBF on AD conversion and cognitive decline.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, arterial spin labeling, cerebral blood flow, longitudinal study, mild cognitive impairment, prediction",
author = "Wenna Duan and Zhou, {Grace D.} and Arvind Balachandrasekaran and Bhumkar, {Ashish B.} and Boraste, {Paresh B.} and Becker, {James T.} and Kuller, {Lewis H.} and Lopez, {Oscar L.} and Gach, {H. Michael} and Weiying Dai",
note = "Funding Information: The CHS data was supported by grants AG20098 and AG15928 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and by contracts N01-HC-85239, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, and grant HL080295 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contributions from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. The research was also supported by the State University of New York at Binghamton, the Nevada Cancer Institute, the University of Pittsburgh, and Washington University in St. Louis. Weiying Dai was supported by R01AG066430. Grace D. Zhou, affiliated with Vestal High School, Vestal, NY, USA, conducted her research in the Department of Computer Science when she was a visiting research assistant in Weiying Dai{\textquoteright}s research group. Funding Information: The CHS data was supported by grants AG20098 and AG15928 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and by contracts N01-HC-85239, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, and grant HL080295 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contributions from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. The research was also supported by the State University of New York at Binghamton, the Nevada Cancer Institute, the University of Pittsburgh, and Washington University in St. Louis. Weiying Dai was supported by R01AG066430. Grace D. Zhou, affiliated with Vestal High School, Vestal, NY, USA, conducted her research in the Department of Computer Science when she was a visiting research assistant in Weiying Dai?s research group. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.3233/jad-210199",
language = "English",
volume = "82",
pages = "293--305",
journal = "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease",
issn = "1387-2877",
number = "1",
}