TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiac Surgery in Women in the Current Era
T2 - What Are the Gaps in Care?
AU - Cho, Leslie
AU - Kibbe, Melina R.
AU - Bakaeen, Faisal
AU - Aggarwal, Niti R.
AU - Davis, Melinda B.
AU - Karmalou, Tara
AU - Lawton, Jennifer S.
AU - Ouzounian, Maral
AU - Preventza, Ourania
AU - Russo, Andrea M.
AU - Shroyer, Annie Laurie W.
AU - Zwischenberger, Brittany A.
AU - Lindley, Kathryn J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10/5
Y1 - 2021/10/5
N2 - Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women in United States and worldwide. One in 3 women dies from cardiovascular disease, and 45% of women >20 years old have some form of CVD. Historically, women have had higher morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Sex influences pathogenesis, pathophysiology, presentation, postoperative complications, surgical outcomes, and survival. This review summarizes current cardiovascular surgery outcomes as they pertain to women. Specifically, this article seeks to address whether sex disparities in research, surgical referral, and outcomes still exist and to provide strategies to close these gaps. In addition, with the growing population of women of reproductive age with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors, indications for cardiac surgery arise in pregnant women. The current review will also address the unique issues associated with this special population.
AB - Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women in United States and worldwide. One in 3 women dies from cardiovascular disease, and 45% of women >20 years old have some form of CVD. Historically, women have had higher morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Sex influences pathogenesis, pathophysiology, presentation, postoperative complications, surgical outcomes, and survival. This review summarizes current cardiovascular surgery outcomes as they pertain to women. Specifically, this article seeks to address whether sex disparities in research, surgical referral, and outcomes still exist and to provide strategies to close these gaps. In addition, with the growing population of women of reproductive age with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors, indications for cardiac surgery arise in pregnant women. The current review will also address the unique issues associated with this special population.
KW - aortic disease
KW - aortic stenosis
KW - coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
KW - mitral valve disease
KW - pregnancy
KW - sex differences
KW - valve surgery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117635332&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056025
DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056025
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34606298
AN - SCOPUS:85117635332
SN - 0009-7322
VL - 144
SP - 1172
EP - 1185
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
IS - 14
ER -