TY - JOUR
T1 - Calorie restriction and matched weight loss from exercise
T2 - Independent and additive effects on glucoregulation and the incretin system in overweight women and men
AU - Weiss, Edward P.
AU - Albert, Stewart G.
AU - Reeds, Dominic N.
AU - Kress, Kathleen S.
AU - Ezekiel, Uthayashanker R.
AU - McDaniel, Jennifer L.
AU - Patterson, Bruce W.
AU - Klein, Samuel
AU - Villareal, Dennis T.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the study participants for their cooperation and the staff of the National Institutes of Health/Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Clinical Research Unit for their skilled assistance. The authors also thank the following graduate students from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Saint Louis University for their contributions to the conduct of this study: Katie Niekamp, Sophia Liu, Richard Jordan, Kory Grench, Laura Kahle, Susan Caciano, Christy Kelly, Meredith Young, Alyson Heller, Emily Freeman, Cameron Sisler, Kayli Rice, Ashley Byrd, and Kelly Trom. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants K01DK080886 and DK56341 (Nutrition and Obesity Research Center) and UL1RR024992 (Clinical Translational Science Award) and by a grant from the Saint Louis University President’s Research Fund.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association.
PY - 2015/7
Y1 - 2015/7
N2 - OBJECTIVE: It is not known whether calorie restriction (CR) has additive benefits to those from exercise (EX)-induced weight loss. We hypothesized that weight loss from CR and EX (CREX) improves insulin sensitivity more than matched weight loss induced by EX or CR alone and that the incretin system may be involved in adaptations to CR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sedentary, overweight men and women (n = 52, 45-65 years of age) were randomized to undergo 6-8% weight loss by using CR, EX, or CREX. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, and incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) were measured during frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests (FSOGTTs). Incretin effects on insulin secretion were measured by comparing insulin secretion rates from the FSOGTTs to those from a glycemia-matched glucose infusion. RESULTS: Despite similar weight losses in all groups, insulin sensitivity index values increased twofold more in the CREX group (2.09 ± 0.35 μM/kg/pM x 100) than in the CR (0.89 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM x 100) and EX (1.04 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM x 100) groups. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations decreased only in the CR group (P = 0.04); GIP concentrations decreased in all groups. Incretin effects on insulin secretion were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: CR and EX have additive beneficial effects on glucoregulation. Furthermore, the adaptations to CR may involve reductions in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of promoting both CR and EX for optimal health. However, because data from participants who withdrew from the study and from those who did not adhere to the intervention were excluded, the results may be limited to individuals who are capable of adhering to a healthy lifestyle intervention.
AB - OBJECTIVE: It is not known whether calorie restriction (CR) has additive benefits to those from exercise (EX)-induced weight loss. We hypothesized that weight loss from CR and EX (CREX) improves insulin sensitivity more than matched weight loss induced by EX or CR alone and that the incretin system may be involved in adaptations to CR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sedentary, overweight men and women (n = 52, 45-65 years of age) were randomized to undergo 6-8% weight loss by using CR, EX, or CREX. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, and incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) were measured during frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests (FSOGTTs). Incretin effects on insulin secretion were measured by comparing insulin secretion rates from the FSOGTTs to those from a glycemia-matched glucose infusion. RESULTS: Despite similar weight losses in all groups, insulin sensitivity index values increased twofold more in the CREX group (2.09 ± 0.35 μM/kg/pM x 100) than in the CR (0.89 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM x 100) and EX (1.04 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM x 100) groups. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations decreased only in the CR group (P = 0.04); GIP concentrations decreased in all groups. Incretin effects on insulin secretion were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: CR and EX have additive beneficial effects on glucoregulation. Furthermore, the adaptations to CR may involve reductions in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of promoting both CR and EX for optimal health. However, because data from participants who withdrew from the study and from those who did not adhere to the intervention were excluded, the results may be limited to individuals who are capable of adhering to a healthy lifestyle intervention.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84958670773&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2337/dc14-2913
DO - 10.2337/dc14-2913
M3 - Article
C2 - 25877812
AN - SCOPUS:84958670773
SN - 0149-5992
VL - 38
SP - 1253
EP - 1262
JO - Diabetes care
JF - Diabetes care
IS - 7
ER -