TY - JOUR
T1 - C5a receptor activation
T2 - Genetic identification of critical residues in four transmembrane helices
AU - Baranski, Thomas J.
AU - Herzmark, Paul
AU - Lichtarge, Olivier
AU - Gerber, Basil O.
AU - Trueheart, Joshua
AU - Meng, Elaine C.
AU - Iiri, Taroh
AU - Sheikh, Søren P.
AU - Bournet, Henry R.
PY - 1999/5/28
Y1 - 1999/5/28
N2 - Hormones and sensory stimuli activate serpentine receptors, transmembrane switches that relay signals to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). To understand the switch mechanism, we subjected 93 amino acids in transmembrane helices III, V, VI, and VII of the human chemoattractant C5a receptor to random saturation mutagenesis. A yeast selection identified 121 functioning mutant receptors, containing a total of 523 amino acid substitutions. Conserved hydrophobic residues are located on helix surfaces that face other helices in a modeled seven-helix bundle (Baldwin, J. M., Schertler, G. F., and Unger, V. M. (1997) J. Mol. Biol. 272, 144-164), whereas surfaces predicted to contact the surrounding lipid tolerate many substitutions. Our analysis identified 25 amino acid positions resistant to nonconservative substitutions. These appear to comprise two distinct components of the receptor switch, a surface at or near the extracellular membrane interface and a core cluster in the cytoplasmic half of the bundle. Twenty-one of the 121 mutant receptors exhibit constitutive activity. Amino acids substitutions in these activated receptors predominate in helices III and VI; other activating mutations truncate the receptor near the extracellular end of helix VI. These results identify key elements of a general mechanism for the serpentine receptor switch.
AB - Hormones and sensory stimuli activate serpentine receptors, transmembrane switches that relay signals to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). To understand the switch mechanism, we subjected 93 amino acids in transmembrane helices III, V, VI, and VII of the human chemoattractant C5a receptor to random saturation mutagenesis. A yeast selection identified 121 functioning mutant receptors, containing a total of 523 amino acid substitutions. Conserved hydrophobic residues are located on helix surfaces that face other helices in a modeled seven-helix bundle (Baldwin, J. M., Schertler, G. F., and Unger, V. M. (1997) J. Mol. Biol. 272, 144-164), whereas surfaces predicted to contact the surrounding lipid tolerate many substitutions. Our analysis identified 25 amino acid positions resistant to nonconservative substitutions. These appear to comprise two distinct components of the receptor switch, a surface at or near the extracellular membrane interface and a core cluster in the cytoplasmic half of the bundle. Twenty-one of the 121 mutant receptors exhibit constitutive activity. Amino acids substitutions in these activated receptors predominate in helices III and VI; other activating mutations truncate the receptor near the extracellular end of helix VI. These results identify key elements of a general mechanism for the serpentine receptor switch.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033025734&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15757
DO - 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15757
M3 - Article
C2 - 10336477
AN - SCOPUS:0033025734
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 274
SP - 15757
EP - 15765
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 22
ER -