@article{35d5df4cd4924ac9bf4a4240e9f5e120,
title = "Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease",
abstract = "Damage to specific brain circuits can cause specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therapeutic stimulation to these same circuits may modulate these symptoms. To determine whether these circuits converge, we studied depression severity after brain lesions (n = 461, five datasets), transcranial magnetic stimulation (n = 151, four datasets) and deep brain stimulation (n = 101, five datasets). Lesions and stimulation sites most associated with depression severity were connected to a similar brain circuit across all 14 datasets (P < 0.001). Circuits derived from lesions, deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were similar (P < 0.0005), as were circuits derived from patients with major depression versus other diagnoses (P < 0.001). Connectivity to this circuit predicted out-of-sample antidepressant efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation sites (P < 0.0001). In an independent analysis, 29 lesions and 95 stimulation sites converged on a distinct circuit for motor symptoms of Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease (P < 0.05). We conclude that lesions, transcranial magnetic stimulation and DBS converge on common brain circuitry that may represent improved neurostimulation targets for depression and other disorders.",
author = "Siddiqi, {Shan H.} and Schaper, {Frederic L.W.V.J.} and Andreas Horn and Joey Hsu and Padmanabhan, {Jaya L.} and Amy Brodtmann and Cash, {Robin F.H.} and Maurizio Corbetta and Choi, {Ki Sueng} and Dougherty, {Darin D.} and Natalia Egorova and Fitzgerald, {Paul B.} and George, {Mark S.} and Gozzi, {Sophia A.} and Frederike Irmen and Kuhn, {Andrea A.} and Johnson, {Kevin A.} and Naidech, {Andrew M.} and Alvaro Pascual-Leone and Phan, {Thanh G.} and Rouhl, {Rob P.W.} and Taylor, {Stephan F.} and Voss, {Joel L.} and Andrew Zalesky and Grafman, {Jordan H.} and Mayberg, {Helen S.} and Fox, {Michael D.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank all research participants, funding bodies, allied health staff and other research staff that made this work possible. The present work was supported by the Sidney R. Baer Foundation (S.H.S., J.L.P., M.D.F.), the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (SHS) and the National Institute of Mental Health (grant no. K23MH121657 to S.H.S.; grant nos. R01MH113929 and R01MH115949 to M.D.F.). The funders were not directly involved in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41562-021-01161-1",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
pages = "1707--1716",
journal = "Nature Human Behaviour",
issn = "2397-3374",
number = "12",
}