@article{3d541c40a2b345bead7373662c828574,
title = "Brain charts for the human lifespan",
abstract = "Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.",
author = "{The PREVENT-AD Research Group} and VETSA and 3R-BRAIN and AIBL and {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative} and {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators} and {CALM Team} and Cam-CAN and CCNP and COBRE and cVEDA and {ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age Working Group} and {Developing Human Connectome Project} and FinnBrain and {Harvard Aging Brain Study} and IMAGEN and KNE96 and {The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging} and NSPN and POND and Bethlehem, {R. A.I.} and J. Seidlitz and White, {S. R.} and Vogel, {J. W.} and Anderson, {K. M.} and C. Adamson and S. Adler and Alexopoulos, {G. S.} and E. Anagnostou and A. Areces-Gonzalez and Astle, {D. E.} and B. Auyeung and M. Ayub and J. Bae and G. Ball and S. Baron-Cohen and R. Beare and Bedford, {S. A.} and V. Benegal and F. Beyer and J. Blangero and {Blesa C{\'a}bez}, M. and Boardman, {J. P.} and M. Borzage and Bosch-Bayard, {J. F.} and N. Bourke and Calhoun, {V. D.} and Chakravarty, {M. M.} and C. Chen and C. Chertavian and G. Chetelat and Chong, {Y. S.} and Cole, {J. H.} and A. Corvin and M. Costantino and E. Courchesne and F. Crivello and Cropley, {V. L.} and J. Crosbie and N. Crossley and M. Delarue and R. Delorme and S. Desrivieres and Devenyi, {G. A.} and {Di Biase}, {M. A.} and R. Dolan and Donald, {K. A.} and G. Donohoe and K. Dunlop and Edwards, {A. D.} and Elison, {J. T.} and Ellis, {C. T.} and Elman, {J. A.} and L. Eyler and Fair, {D. A.} and E. Feczko and Fletcher, {P. C.} and P. Fonagy and Franz, {C. E.} and L. Galan-Garcia and A. Gholipour and J. Giedd and Gilmore, {J. H.} and Glahn, {D. C.} and Goodyer, {I. M.} and Grant, {P. E.} and Groenewold, {N. A.} and Gunning, {F. M.} and Gur, {R. E.} and Gur, {R. C.} and Hammill, {C. F.} and O. Hansson and T. Hedden and A. Heinz and Henson, {R. N.} and K. Heuer and J. Hoare and B. Holla and Holmes, {A. J.} and R. Holt and H. Huang and K. Im and J. Ipser and Jack, {C. R.} and Jackowski, {A. P.} and T. Jia and Johnson, {K. A.} and Jones, {P. B.} and Jones, {D. T.} and Kahn, {R. S.} and H. Karlsson and L. Karlsson and R. Kawashima and Kelley, {E. A.} and S. Kern and Kim, {K. W.} and Kitzbichler, {M. G.} and Kremen, {W. S.} and F. Lalonde and B. Landeau and S. Lee and J. Lerch and Lewis, {J. D.} and J. Li and W. Liao and C. Liston and Lombardo, {M. V.} and J. Lv and C. Lynch and Mallard, {T. T.} and M. Marcelis and Markello, {R. D.} and Mathias, {S. R.} and B. Mazoyer and P. McGuire and Meaney, {M. J.} and A. Mechelli and N. Medic and B. Misic and Morgan, {S. E.} and D. Mothersill and J. Nigg and Ong, {M. Q.W.} and C. Ortinau and R. Ossenkoppele and M. Ouyang and L. Palaniyappan and L. Paly and Pan, {P. M.} and C. Pantelis and Park, {M. M.} and T. Paus and Z. Pausova and D. Paz-Linares and {Pichet Binette}, A. and K. Pierce and X. Qian and J. Qiu and A. Qiu and A. Raznahan and T. Rittman and A. Rodrigue and Rollins, {C. K.} and R. Romero-Garcia and L. Ronan and Rosenberg, {M. D.} and Rowitch, {D. H.} and Salum, {G. A.} and Satterthwaite, {T. D.} and Schaare, {H. L.} and Schachar, {R. J.} and Schultz, {A. P.} and G. Schumann and M. Sch{\"o}ll and D. Sharp and Shinohara, {R. T.} and I. Skoog and Smyser, {C. D.} and Sperling, {R. A.} and Stein, {D. J.} and A. Stolicyn and J. Suckling and G. Sullivan and Y. Taki and B. Thyreau and R. Toro and N. Traut and Tsvetanov, {K. A.} and Turk-Browne, {N. B.} and Tuulari, {J. J.} and C. Tzourio and Vachon-Presseau and Valdes-Sosa, {M. J.} and Valdes-Sosa, {P. A.} and Valk, {S. L.} and {van Amelsvoort}, T. and Vandekar, {S. N.} and L. Vasung and Victoria, {L. W.} and S. Villeneuve and A. Villringer and V{\'e}rtes, {P. E.} and K. Wagstyl and Wang, {Y. S.} and Warfield, {S. K.} and V. Warrier and E. Westman and Westwater, {M. L.} and Whalley, {H. C.} and Witte, {A. V.} and N. Yang and B. Yeo and H. Yun and A. Zalesky and Zar, {H. J.} and A. Zettergren and Zhou, {J. H.} and H. Ziauddeen and A. Zugman and Zuo, {X. N.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y",
language = "English",
volume = "604",
pages = "525--533",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
number = "7906",
}