TY - JOUR
T1 - Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study
T2 - A 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans
AU - CALERIE2 Study Group
AU - Das, Sai Krupa
AU - Roberts, Susan B.
AU - Bhapkar, Manjushri V.
AU - Villareal, Dennis T.
AU - Fontana, Luigi
AU - Martin, Corby K.
AU - Racette, Susan B.
AU - Fuss, Paul J.
AU - Kraus, William E.
AU - Wong, William W.
AU - Saltzman, Edward
AU - Pieper, Carl F.
AU - Fielding, Roger A.
AU - Schwartz, Ann V.
AU - Ravussin, Eric
AU - Redman, Leanne M.
AU - Champagne, Catherine
AU - Gupta, Alok
AU - Smith, Steven
AU - Williamson, Donald
AU - Begnaud, Michelle
AU - Cerniauskas, Barbara
AU - Davis, Allison
AU - Gabrielle, Jeanne
AU - Walden, Heather
AU - Currier, Natalie
AU - Shipp, Mandy
AU - Masters, Sarah
AU - McNicoll, Melody
AU - Prince, Shelly
AU - Brock, Courtney
AU - Puyau, Renee
AU - Earnest, Conrad
AU - Rood, Jennifer
AU - Stewart, Tiffany
AU - Levitan, Lillian
AU - Traylor, Crystal
AU - Thomas, Susan
AU - Toups, Valerie
AU - Jones, Karen
AU - Tatum, Stephanie
AU - Waguespack, Celeste
AU - Crotwell, Kimberly
AU - Dalfrey, Lisa
AU - Braymer, Amy
AU - Hilliard, Rhonda
AU - Thomas, Onolee
AU - Arceneaux, Jennifer
AU - Klein, Sam
AU - Stein, Rick
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Background: Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging and increases longevity in many animal models. However, it is unclear whether CR can be implemented in humans without adverse effects on body composition. Objective: We evaluated the effect of a 2-y CR regimen on body composition including the influence of sex and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) among participants enrolled in CALERIE2 (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy), a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Design: Participants were 218 nonobese (BMI: 21.9-28.0) adults aged 21-51 y who were randomly assigned to 25% CR (CR, n = 143) or ad libitum control (AL, n = 75) in a 2:1 ratio. Measures at baseline and 12 and 24 mo included body weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and appendicular mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; activity-related energy expenditure (AREE) by doubly labeled water; and dietary protein intake by self-report. Values are expressed as means ± SDs. Results: The CR group achieved 11.9% ± 0.7% CR over 2-y and had significant decreases in weight (-7.6 ± 0.3 compared with 0.4 ± 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-6.2 ± 0.4 compared with 0.9 ± 0.5 cm), FM (25.4 ± 0.3 compared with 0.5 ± 0.4 kg), and FFM (22.0 ± 0.2 compared with 20.0 ± 0.2 kg) at 24 mo relative to the AL group (all between-group P < 0.001). Moreover, FFM as a percentage of body weight at 24 mo was higher, and percentage of FM was lower in the CR group than in the AL. AREE, but not protein intake, predicted preservation of FFM during CR (P < 0.01). Men in the CR group lost significantly more trunk fat (P = 0.03) and FFM expressed as a percentage of weight loss (P < 0.001) than women in the CR group. Conclusions: Two years of CR had broadly favorable effects on both whole-body and regional adiposity that could facilitate health span in humans. The decrements in FFM were commensurate with the reduced body mass; although men in the CR group lost more FFM than the women did, the percentage of FFM in the men in the CR group was higher than at baseline. CALERIE was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:913-27.
AB - Background: Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging and increases longevity in many animal models. However, it is unclear whether CR can be implemented in humans without adverse effects on body composition. Objective: We evaluated the effect of a 2-y CR regimen on body composition including the influence of sex and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) among participants enrolled in CALERIE2 (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy), a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Design: Participants were 218 nonobese (BMI: 21.9-28.0) adults aged 21-51 y who were randomly assigned to 25% CR (CR, n = 143) or ad libitum control (AL, n = 75) in a 2:1 ratio. Measures at baseline and 12 and 24 mo included body weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and appendicular mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; activity-related energy expenditure (AREE) by doubly labeled water; and dietary protein intake by self-report. Values are expressed as means ± SDs. Results: The CR group achieved 11.9% ± 0.7% CR over 2-y and had significant decreases in weight (-7.6 ± 0.3 compared with 0.4 ± 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-6.2 ± 0.4 compared with 0.9 ± 0.5 cm), FM (25.4 ± 0.3 compared with 0.5 ± 0.4 kg), and FFM (22.0 ± 0.2 compared with 20.0 ± 0.2 kg) at 24 mo relative to the AL group (all between-group P < 0.001). Moreover, FFM as a percentage of body weight at 24 mo was higher, and percentage of FM was lower in the CR group than in the AL. AREE, but not protein intake, predicted preservation of FFM during CR (P < 0.01). Men in the CR group lost significantly more trunk fat (P = 0.03) and FFM expressed as a percentage of weight loss (P < 0.001) than women in the CR group. Conclusions: Two years of CR had broadly favorable effects on both whole-body and regional adiposity that could facilitate health span in humans. The decrements in FFM were commensurate with the reduced body mass; although men in the CR group lost more FFM than the women did, the percentage of FFM in the men in the CR group was higher than at baseline. CALERIE was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:913-27.
KW - Body composition
KW - Calorie restriction
KW - Humans
KW - Longterm
KW - Nonobese
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85019380323&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.116.137232
DO - 10.3945/ajcn.116.137232
M3 - Article
C2 - 28228420
AN - SCOPUS:85019380323
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 105
SP - 913
EP - 927
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 4
ER -