Biomolecular condensates form spatially inhomogeneous network fluids

Furqan Dar, Samuel R. Cohen, Diana M. Mitrea, Aaron H. Phillips, Gergely Nagy, Wellington C. Leite, Christopher B. Stanley, Jeong Mo Choi, Richard W. Kriwacki, Rohit V. Pappu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The functions of biomolecular condensates are thought to be influenced by their material properties, and these will be determined by the internal organization of molecules within condensates. However, structural characterizations of condensates are challenging, and rarely reported. Here, we deploy a combination of small angle neutron scattering, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to provide structural descriptions of model condensates that are formed by macromolecules from nucleolar granular components (GCs). We show that these minimal facsimiles of GCs form condensates that are network fluids featuring spatial inhomogeneities across different length scales that reflect the contributions of distinct protein and peptide domains. The network-like inhomogeneous organization is characterized by a coexistence of liquid- and gas-like macromolecular densities that engenders bimodality of internal molecular dynamics. These insights suggest that condensates formed by multivalent proteins share features with network fluids formed by systems such as patchy or hairy colloids.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3413
JournalNature communications
Volume15
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2024

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