@article{f83f2fd34f0344e4aa46f22bba9b810e,
title = "Biomarkers of Stroke Recovery: Consensus-Based Core Recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable*",
abstract = "The most difficult clinical questions in stroke rehabilitation are “What is this patient{\textquoteright}s potential for recovery?” and “What is the best rehabilitation strategy for this person, given her/his clinical profile?” Without answers to these questions, clinicians struggle to make decisions regarding the content and focus of therapy, and researchers design studies that inadvertently mix participants who have a high likelihood of responding with those who do not. Developing and implementing biomarkers that distinguish patient subgroups will help address these issues and unravel the factors important to the recovery process. The goal of the present paper is to provide a consensus statement regarding the current state of the evidence for stroke recovery biomarkers. Biomarkers of motor, somatosensory, cognitive and language domains across the recovery timeline post-stroke are considered; with focus on brain structure and function, and exclusion of blood markers and genetics. We provide evidence for biomarkers that are considered ready to be included in clinical trials, as well as others that are promising but not ready and so represent a developmental priority. We conclude with an example that illustrates the utility of biomarkers in recovery and rehabilitation research, demonstrating how the inclusion of a biomarker may enhance future clinical trials. In this way, we propose a way forward for when and where we can include biomarkers to advance the efficacy of the practice of, and research into, rehabilitation and recovery after stroke.",
keywords = "Biomarker, clinical trial, cognition, function, human, language, motor, neuroimaging, somatosensory, stratification",
author = "Boyd, {Lara A.} and Hayward, {Kathryn S.} and Ward, {Nick S.} and Stinear, {Cathy M.} and Charlotte Rosso and Fisher, {Rebecca J.} and Carter, {Alexandre R.} and Leff, {Alex P.} and Copland, {David A.} and Carey, {Leeanne M.} and Cohen, {Leonardo G.} and Basso, {D. Michele} and Maguire, {Jane M.} and Cramer, {Steven C.}",
note = "Funding Information: LAB was supported by the Canada Research Chairs and MSFHR (CI-SCH-01796); KSH was supported by NHMRC (1088449) and Micheal Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) (15980); SCC was supported by a grant from NIH (K24 HD074722). DAC was supported by a University of Queensland Vice Chancellor{\textquoteright}s Fellowship; LMC acknowledges support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grants (#1022694; #307905), James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative in Cognitive Rehabilitation -Collaborative Award (# 220020413), NHMRC CRE in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Injury (#1077898) and an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (#FT0992299). Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge Professor Julie Bernhardt for convening this first Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable (SRRR), Ms Katie Lafferty for moderating discussions at SRRR and Dr Karen Borschmann for project management. We acknowledge the following organisations for their financial support of the meeting: National Health and Medical Research Centre (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation & Brain Recovery (Australia), Heart and Stroke Foundation (HSF) of Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (CPSR). An unrestricted educational grant was provided by Ipsen Pharma. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2017.",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1545968317732680",
language = "English",
volume = "31",
pages = "864--876",
journal = "Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair",
issn = "1545-9683",
number = "10-11",
}