TY - CHAP
T1 - Biological and Molecular Effects of Vitamin D on the Kidney
AU - Dusso, Adriana S.
AU - Tokumoto, Masanori
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - The kidney is essential for the integrity of the vitamin D endocrine system: Normal kidney function ensures adequate serum levels of 1,25-dihyrdroxyvitamin D ([1,25(OH)2D], the hormonal form of vitamin D) and of its precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. In turn, normal serum 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D levels are critical in maintaining normal kidney function and in ameliorating the progression of kidney disease. Research in the last three decades has firmly established that renal conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D plays a key role in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and skeletal health. 1,25(OH)2D endocrine actions include the coordinated regulation of the synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the bone phosphatonin FGF23, and its own serum concentrations, and consequently of the hormonal loops and ion fluxes between the parathyroid gland, the intestine, the kidney, and the bone. 1,25(OH)2D tight control of this multi-organ endocrine system is central not only for bone integrity but also in preventing an excess of serum calcium and phosphate predisposing to over-mineralization of bone or ectopic calcification. Importantly, recent epidemiological evidence also suggests that the kidney is essential for the maintenance of normal serum 25(OH)D levels, a requirement for 1,25(OH)2D autocrine actions. Renal uptake of 25(OH)D from the glomerular ultrafiltrate is an active process necessary for both renal and extrarenal 1,25(OH)2D production. Normal renal uptake of 25(OH)D ensures the appropriate delivery of 25(OH)D for its conversion to 1,25(OH)2D by an increasing number of nonrenal cells. Autocrine 1,25(OH)2D actions in 1,25(OH)2D producing cells, which include parathyroid cells, osteoblasts, and cells of the immune and cardiovascular system, appear to mediate the multiple health benefits and the survival advantage conferred to the general population by a normal vitamin D status. This chapter presents the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating renal control of vitamin D metabolism and 1,25(OH)2D endocrine and autocrine actions important in disease prevention, with a special focus on the renoprotective actions of the vitamin D endocrine system that prevent/ameliorate the onset and progression of kidney disease.
AB - The kidney is essential for the integrity of the vitamin D endocrine system: Normal kidney function ensures adequate serum levels of 1,25-dihyrdroxyvitamin D ([1,25(OH)2D], the hormonal form of vitamin D) and of its precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. In turn, normal serum 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D levels are critical in maintaining normal kidney function and in ameliorating the progression of kidney disease. Research in the last three decades has firmly established that renal conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D plays a key role in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and skeletal health. 1,25(OH)2D endocrine actions include the coordinated regulation of the synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the bone phosphatonin FGF23, and its own serum concentrations, and consequently of the hormonal loops and ion fluxes between the parathyroid gland, the intestine, the kidney, and the bone. 1,25(OH)2D tight control of this multi-organ endocrine system is central not only for bone integrity but also in preventing an excess of serum calcium and phosphate predisposing to over-mineralization of bone or ectopic calcification. Importantly, recent epidemiological evidence also suggests that the kidney is essential for the maintenance of normal serum 25(OH)D levels, a requirement for 1,25(OH)2D autocrine actions. Renal uptake of 25(OH)D from the glomerular ultrafiltrate is an active process necessary for both renal and extrarenal 1,25(OH)2D production. Normal renal uptake of 25(OH)D ensures the appropriate delivery of 25(OH)D for its conversion to 1,25(OH)2D by an increasing number of nonrenal cells. Autocrine 1,25(OH)2D actions in 1,25(OH)2D producing cells, which include parathyroid cells, osteoblasts, and cells of the immune and cardiovascular system, appear to mediate the multiple health benefits and the survival advantage conferred to the general population by a normal vitamin D status. This chapter presents the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating renal control of vitamin D metabolism and 1,25(OH)2D endocrine and autocrine actions important in disease prevention, with a special focus on the renoprotective actions of the vitamin D endocrine system that prevent/ameliorate the onset and progression of kidney disease.
KW - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
KW - 25-hydroxyvitamin D
KW - 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase
KW - calcium
KW - FGF23
KW - GFR
KW - Kidney
KW - klotho
KW - parathyroid hormone
KW - phosphate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213365815&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_9
DO - 10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_9
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85213365815
T3 - Nutrition and Health (United Kingdom)
SP - 211
EP - 234
BT - Nutrition and Health (United Kingdom)
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
ER -