TY - JOUR
T1 - Behavioral Risk Factors and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
T2 - Review of the Mechanistic and Observational Evidence
AU - Otegbeye, Ebunoluwa E.
AU - Fritz, Cassandra D.L.
AU - Liao, Jingwen
AU - Smith, Radhika K.
AU - Cao, Yin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P30CA09182 and R37CA246175. Dr. Otegbeye was supported by T32CA009621. Dr. Fritz was supported by T32 DK007130. Dr. Liao was supported by China Scholarship Council.
Funding Information:
Radhika Smith declares no potential conflicts of interest. Ebunoluwa Otegbeye reports grants from the National Cancer Institute, during the conduct of the study. Cassandra Fritz reports grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases, during the conduct of the study. Jingwen Liao reports grants from the China Scholarship Council, outside the submitted work. Yin Cao reports grants from P30CA09182 and R37CA246175, during the conduct of the study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Purpose of the Review: The goal of this review is to summarize recent evidence linking behavioral risk factors to early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) as the incidence continues to rise by 2% annually in the USA. The potential mechanisms linking these risk factors to EO-CRC are also discussed. Recent Findings: Obesity and sedentary behavior have been associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC in women through a large cohort study, while the data is inconclusive for men. Diabetes was also associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC in a large Swedish cohort study. While the evidence for metabolic syndrome and diet comes from cross-sectional studies, they still point to an association with EO-CRC. The mechanisms underlying these risk factors include inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and aberrant mitogenic signaling. Summary: The etiology of EO-CRC likely involves a multifactorial mechanism that will require a multidisciplinary approach. Existing consortia and new data harmonization of multiple studies will be useful in re-evaluating the role of established lifestyle/genetic risk factors of CRC in EO-CRC. Future investigations should prospectively collect information on exposures and biospecimens, particularly during early life, to further elucidate risk factors and contributors to the rising incidence of EO-CRC.
AB - Purpose of the Review: The goal of this review is to summarize recent evidence linking behavioral risk factors to early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) as the incidence continues to rise by 2% annually in the USA. The potential mechanisms linking these risk factors to EO-CRC are also discussed. Recent Findings: Obesity and sedentary behavior have been associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC in women through a large cohort study, while the data is inconclusive for men. Diabetes was also associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC in a large Swedish cohort study. While the evidence for metabolic syndrome and diet comes from cross-sectional studies, they still point to an association with EO-CRC. The mechanisms underlying these risk factors include inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and aberrant mitogenic signaling. Summary: The etiology of EO-CRC likely involves a multifactorial mechanism that will require a multidisciplinary approach. Existing consortia and new data harmonization of multiple studies will be useful in re-evaluating the role of established lifestyle/genetic risk factors of CRC in EO-CRC. Future investigations should prospectively collect information on exposures and biospecimens, particularly during early life, to further elucidate risk factors and contributors to the rising incidence of EO-CRC.
KW - Colorectal cancer
KW - Diabetes
KW - Diet
KW - Early-onset
KW - Gut microbiome
KW - Obesity
KW - Sedentary behavior
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105865174&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11888-021-00465-8
DO - 10.1007/s11888-021-00465-8
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85105865174
SN - 1556-3790
VL - 17
SP - 43
EP - 53
JO - Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
JF - Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
IS - 3
ER -