TY - JOUR
T1 - Bedside predictors of difficult intubation
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Vannucci, Andrea
AU - Cavallone, Laura F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2016 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.
PY - 2016/1
Y1 - 2016/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Unanticipated difficult intubation is associated with unwanted patient outcomes. The capability of predicting difficult airways may contribute to patient safety, efficient patient flow and rational use of limited resources. We evaluated current literature on performance of bedside airway tests in predicting difficult tracheal intubation. METHODS: Eligibility criteria were: prospective clinical studies; adult population of least 100 subjects; accepted definition of difficult intubation; direct laryngoscopy approach; true positive, false negative, false positive and true negative either reported or inferred. Medline and EMBASE database were searched for the following terms: "predictors", "prediction" and "risk factors" of "difficult intubation", "difficult laryngoscopy" and "difficult airway". The publication dates considered for the search were January 1st 2004 to March 31st 2014. Risk of bias was assessed according to QUADAS-2 criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies involving 20,582 patients and consistent with eligibility criteria were included. Numerous airways screening tests were evaluated. The most frequently performed tests were: Mallampati Score, measurement of thyro-mental distance, upper lip bite test, inter-incisors gap, and sterno-mental distance. Assessed individual and combined tests are characterized by limited discriminative capacity, sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio. CONCLUSION: Current bedside tests have limited and inconsistent capacity to discriminate between patients with difficult and easy airways. Most studies are characterized by high risk of bias and concerns of applicability. Reliable bedside criteria to predict difficult intubation remain elusive.
AB - BACKGROUND: Unanticipated difficult intubation is associated with unwanted patient outcomes. The capability of predicting difficult airways may contribute to patient safety, efficient patient flow and rational use of limited resources. We evaluated current literature on performance of bedside airway tests in predicting difficult tracheal intubation. METHODS: Eligibility criteria were: prospective clinical studies; adult population of least 100 subjects; accepted definition of difficult intubation; direct laryngoscopy approach; true positive, false negative, false positive and true negative either reported or inferred. Medline and EMBASE database were searched for the following terms: "predictors", "prediction" and "risk factors" of "difficult intubation", "difficult laryngoscopy" and "difficult airway". The publication dates considered for the search were January 1st 2004 to March 31st 2014. Risk of bias was assessed according to QUADAS-2 criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies involving 20,582 patients and consistent with eligibility criteria were included. Numerous airways screening tests were evaluated. The most frequently performed tests were: Mallampati Score, measurement of thyro-mental distance, upper lip bite test, inter-incisors gap, and sterno-mental distance. Assessed individual and combined tests are characterized by limited discriminative capacity, sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio. CONCLUSION: Current bedside tests have limited and inconsistent capacity to discriminate between patients with difficult and easy airways. Most studies are characterized by high risk of bias and concerns of applicability. Reliable bedside criteria to predict difficult intubation remain elusive.
KW - Airway management
KW - Intubation, intratracheal
KW - Statistics and numerical data
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84958019999&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25990431
AN - SCOPUS:84958019999
SN - 0375-9393
VL - 82
SP - 69
EP - 83
JO - Minerva anestesiologica
JF - Minerva anestesiologica
IS - 1
ER -