TY - JOUR
T1 - Autism spectrum disorder among US children (2002-2010)
T2 - Socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities
AU - Durkin, Maureen S.
AU - Maenner, Matthew J.
AU - Baio, Jon
AU - Christensen, Deborah
AU - Daniels, Julie
AU - Fitzgerald, Robert
AU - Imm, Pamela
AU - Lee, Li Ching
AU - Schieve, Laura A.
AU - Van Naarden Braun, Kim
AU - Wingate, Martha S.
AU - Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this work was provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreements UR3/ CCU523235, UR3/DD000078, and UR3/DD000677, and by the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants P30HD03352 and U54 HD090256.
PY - 2017/11
Y1 - 2017/11
N2 - Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence. Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators.Weascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance. Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year amongWhite, Black, and Hispanic children.The prevalence difference between highand low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006-2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES. Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children.
AB - Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence. Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators.Weascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance. Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year amongWhite, Black, and Hispanic children.The prevalence difference between highand low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006-2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES. Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031492814&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032
DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032
M3 - Article
C2 - 28933930
AN - SCOPUS:85031492814
SN - 0090-0036
VL - 107
SP - 1818
EP - 1826
JO - American Journal of Public Health
JF - American Journal of Public Health
IS - 11
ER -