TY - JOUR
T1 - Attributable Mortality of Candida Bloodstream Infections in the Modern Era
T2 - A Propensity Score Analysis
AU - Mazi, Patrick B.
AU - Olsen, Margaret A.
AU - Stwalley, Dustin
AU - Rauseo, Adriana M.
AU - Ayres, Chapelle
AU - Powderly, William G.
AU - Spec, Andrej
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/9/15
Y1 - 2022/9/15
N2 - Background: This study quantifies the mortality attributable to Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) in the modern era of echinocandins. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to Barnes Jewish Hospital, a 1368-bed tertiary care academic hospital, in Saint Louis, Missouri, from 1 February 2012 to 30 April 2019. We identified 626 adult patients with Candida BSI that were frequency-matched with 6269 control patients that had similar Candida BSI risk-factors. The 90-day all-cause mortality attributable to Candida BSI was calculated using three methods-propensity score matching, matching by inverse weighting of propensity score, and stratified analysis by quintile. Results: The 90-day crude mortality was 42.4% (269 patients) for Candida BSI cases and 17.1% (1083 patients) for frequency-matched controls. Following propensity score-matching, the attributable risk difference for 90-day mortality was 28.4% with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-2.25, P.001). In the stratified analysis, the risk for mortality at 90 days was highest in patients in the lowest risk quintile to develop Candida BSI (hazard ratio [HR] 3.13 (95% CI, 2.33-4.19). Patients in this lowest risk quintile accounted for 81(61%) of the 130 untreated patients with Candida BSI. Sixty-nine percent of untreated patients (57/83) died versus 35% of (49/127) of treated patients (P.001). Conclusions: Patients with Candida BSI continue to experience high mortality. Mortality attributable to Candida BSI was more pronounced in patients at lowest risk to develop Candida BSI. A higher proportion of these low-risk patients went untreated, experienced higher mortality, and should be the target of aggressive interventions to ensure timely, effective treatment.
AB - Background: This study quantifies the mortality attributable to Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) in the modern era of echinocandins. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to Barnes Jewish Hospital, a 1368-bed tertiary care academic hospital, in Saint Louis, Missouri, from 1 February 2012 to 30 April 2019. We identified 626 adult patients with Candida BSI that were frequency-matched with 6269 control patients that had similar Candida BSI risk-factors. The 90-day all-cause mortality attributable to Candida BSI was calculated using three methods-propensity score matching, matching by inverse weighting of propensity score, and stratified analysis by quintile. Results: The 90-day crude mortality was 42.4% (269 patients) for Candida BSI cases and 17.1% (1083 patients) for frequency-matched controls. Following propensity score-matching, the attributable risk difference for 90-day mortality was 28.4% with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-2.25, P.001). In the stratified analysis, the risk for mortality at 90 days was highest in patients in the lowest risk quintile to develop Candida BSI (hazard ratio [HR] 3.13 (95% CI, 2.33-4.19). Patients in this lowest risk quintile accounted for 81(61%) of the 130 untreated patients with Candida BSI. Sixty-nine percent of untreated patients (57/83) died versus 35% of (49/127) of treated patients (P.001). Conclusions: Patients with Candida BSI continue to experience high mortality. Mortality attributable to Candida BSI was more pronounced in patients at lowest risk to develop Candida BSI. A higher proportion of these low-risk patients went untreated, experienced higher mortality, and should be the target of aggressive interventions to ensure timely, effective treatment.
KW - Candida
KW - amphotericin
KW - echinocandin
KW - fluconazole
KW - mortality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136166167&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciac004
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciac004
M3 - Article
C2 - 34989802
AN - SCOPUS:85136166167
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 75
SP - 1031
EP - 1036
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
IS - 6
ER -