Astrocyte-conditioned medium attenuates glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in primary cultured spinal cord neurons of rats

Xiaojian Lu, Rami Al-Aref, Dong Zhao, Jianhong Shen, Yaohua Yan, Yilu Gao

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: To better understand the neuroprotective role of astrocytes in spinal cord injury (SCI), we investigated whether astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) can attenuate glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in primary cultured spinal cord neurons. Methods: Spinal cord neurons were pretreated with ACM for 24 hours. Subsequently, they were exposed to glutamate (125 mM) for 1 hour. The neurons were then incubated for 24 hours. Following that, measurements assessing cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were performed. Apoptosis was confirmed through cell morphology using Hoechst 33342 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nicked end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Assessment for expression of apoptotic enzymes, including Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax, was performed using Western Blot Analysis. Results: Astrocyte-conditioned medium pretreatment of neurons showed both an increase in spinal cord neuron viability and a decrease in LDH release in a dose-dependent pattern. Moreover, pretreatment seems to attenuate glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death, antagonise glutamate-induced up-regulation of Caspase-3 expression and downregulate Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio. Conclusions: By attenuating glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in primary cultured spinal cord neurons of rats, ACM seems to provide a neuroprotective effect by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression. Our results provide an experimental basis for clinical applications and potential therapeutic use of ACM in SCI.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)803-808
Number of pages6
JournalNeurological Research
Volume37
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 20 2015

Keywords

  • Apoptosis
  • Astrocyte-conditioned medium
  • Glutamate
  • Spinal cord neurons

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