TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of Vitamins and Related Cofactor Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women
AU - Matthew, Kayode A.
AU - Getz, Kayla R.
AU - Jeon, Myung Sik
AU - Luo, Chongliang
AU - Luo, Jingqin
AU - Toriola, Adetunji T.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Society for Nutrition
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - Background: Identifying biological drivers of mammographic breast density (MBD), a strong risk factor for breast cancer, could provide insight into breast cancer etiology and prevention. Studies on dietary factors and MBD have yielded conflicting results. There are, however, very limited data on the associations of dietary biomarkers and MBD. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women. Methods: We measured 37 vitamins and related cofactor metabolites in fasting plasma samples of 705 premenopausal women recruited during their annual screening mammogram at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Volpara was used to assess volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV). We estimated the least square means of VPD, DV, and NDV across quartiles of each metabolite, as well as the regression coefficient of a metabolite in continuous scale from multiple covariate-adjusted linear regression. We corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to control the false discover rate (FDR) at a 5% level. Results: Participants’ mean VPD was 10.5%. Two vitamin A metabolites (β-cryptoxanthin and carotene diol 2) were positively associated, and one vitamin E metabolite (γ-tocopherol) was inversely associated with VPD. The mean VPD increased across quartiles of β-cryptoxanthin (Q1 = 7.2%, Q2 = 7.7%, Q3 = 8.4%%, Q4 = 9.2%; P-trend = 1.77E-05, FDR P value = 1.18E-03). There was a decrease in the mean VPD across quartiles of γ-tocopherol (Q1 = 9.4%, Q2 = 8.1%, Q3 = 8.0%, Q4 = 7.8%; P -trend = 4.01E-03, FDR P value = 0.04). Seven metabolites were associated with NDV: 3 vitamin E (γ-CEHC glucuronide, δ-CEHC, and γ-tocopherol) and 1 vitamin C (gulonate) were positively associated, whereas 2 vitamin A (carotene diol 2 and β-cryptoxanthin) and 1 vitamin C (threonate) were inversely associated with NDV. No metabolite was significantly associated with DV. Conclusion: We report novel associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women.
AB - Background: Identifying biological drivers of mammographic breast density (MBD), a strong risk factor for breast cancer, could provide insight into breast cancer etiology and prevention. Studies on dietary factors and MBD have yielded conflicting results. There are, however, very limited data on the associations of dietary biomarkers and MBD. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women. Methods: We measured 37 vitamins and related cofactor metabolites in fasting plasma samples of 705 premenopausal women recruited during their annual screening mammogram at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Volpara was used to assess volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV). We estimated the least square means of VPD, DV, and NDV across quartiles of each metabolite, as well as the regression coefficient of a metabolite in continuous scale from multiple covariate-adjusted linear regression. We corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to control the false discover rate (FDR) at a 5% level. Results: Participants’ mean VPD was 10.5%. Two vitamin A metabolites (β-cryptoxanthin and carotene diol 2) were positively associated, and one vitamin E metabolite (γ-tocopherol) was inversely associated with VPD. The mean VPD increased across quartiles of β-cryptoxanthin (Q1 = 7.2%, Q2 = 7.7%, Q3 = 8.4%%, Q4 = 9.2%; P-trend = 1.77E-05, FDR P value = 1.18E-03). There was a decrease in the mean VPD across quartiles of γ-tocopherol (Q1 = 9.4%, Q2 = 8.1%, Q3 = 8.0%, Q4 = 7.8%; P -trend = 4.01E-03, FDR P value = 0.04). Seven metabolites were associated with NDV: 3 vitamin E (γ-CEHC glucuronide, δ-CEHC, and γ-tocopherol) and 1 vitamin C (gulonate) were positively associated, whereas 2 vitamin A (carotene diol 2 and β-cryptoxanthin) and 1 vitamin C (threonate) were inversely associated with NDV. No metabolite was significantly associated with DV. Conclusion: We report novel associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women.
KW - cofactor
KW - dense volume
KW - mammographic breast density
KW - metabolites
KW - metabolomics
KW - nondense volume
KW - vitamins
KW - volumetric percent density
KW - β-cryptoxanthin
KW - γ-tocopherol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181970664&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.023
DO - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 38122846
AN - SCOPUS:85181970664
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 154
SP - 424
EP - 434
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -