Association between arthritis treatments and ovarian reserve: a prospective study

Research question: How do anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in women with and without arthritis compare? Is there an association between AMH and arthritis drug regimen? Design: In this prospective cohort study, AMH was measured at two time points (T₀ and T₁) in 129 premenopausal women with arthritis. AMH at T₀ was compared with that from a bank of serum samples from 198 premenopausal women without arthritis. Primary outcomes were: (i) diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) (AMH <1.1 ng/ml) and (ii) annual rate of AMH decrease. Univariate, multivariable and Firth logistic regression identified variables associated with annual AMH decrease in excess of the 75th percentile. Results: Median time between T₀ and T₁ was 1.72 years. At time T₀, median age-adjusted AMH in women with arthritis was significantly lower than that of women without arthritis (median 2.21 ng/ml versus 2.78 ng/ml; P = 0.009). Women with arthritis at highest risk for DOR had a history of tubal sterilization or were over the age of 35. Those with highest odds of having an annual AMH decrease in excess of the 75th percentile (over 28% decrease per year) were those: over the age of 35 or who sought care for infertility. Women with arthritis taking methotrexate alone (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.67) or methotrexate plus tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.89) were less likely to be in the highest quartile of annual AMH decrease than women with arthritis not taking medication. Conclusions: Women with arthritis had lower AMH than healthy controls. Long-term methotrexate use was not associated with an annual AMH decrease.