Anticonvulsant therapy increases fentanyl requirements during anaesthesia for craniotomy

This study was designed to determine whether patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy demonstrate an altered requirement for fentanyl during anaesthesia. Sixty-one patients undergoing craniotomy were studied; 20 controls (MED = 0) who had never received anticonvulsants and 41 epileptics in whom therapeutic plasma concentrations of either one (MED = 1), two (MED = 2), or three (MED = 3) different anticonvulsants were documented. During anaesthesia with 60-70 per cent N₂O in O₂ and 0.2 per cent isoflurane, a maintenance dose (MD) of fentanyl was administered using a continuous variable-rate IV fentanyl infusion, supplemented by intermittent 50 μg IV boluses. In order to define the minimal dosage of fentanyl required, the MD was titrated according to increases or decreases in the heart rate and/or mean arterial pressure exceeding 15 per cent of baseline ward values. A progressively higher fentanyl MD was required in the epileptic patients (MED = 1 - 4.3 ± 0.5 μg · kg^{- 1} · hr^{- 1};MED = 2 - 5.4 ± 0.6; MED = 3 - 7.6 ± 0.6) compared with the control MD (MED = 0 - 2.6 ± 0.5) (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that there appears to be a dose- effect relationship between the number of anticonvulsants received and the maintenance dose of fentanyl required during balanced anaesthesia.