Anatomically Complete Supraclavicular Reoperation for Recurrent Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Operative Findings, and Long-term Outcomes

Background: The clinical outcomes of reoperations for recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) remain undefined. Methods: From 2009 to 2019, 90 patients with recurrent NTOS underwent anatomically complete supraclavicular reoperation after previous operation(s) performed at other institutions using either supraclavicular (Prev-SC = 48), transaxillary (Prev-TA = 31), or multiple/combination (Prev-MC = 11) approaches. Prospectively maintained data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean patient age was 39.9 ± 1.4 years, 72% were female, and the mean interval after previous operation was 4.1 ± 0.6 years. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score was 62 ± 2, reflecting substantial preoperative disability. Residual scalene muscle was present in 100% Prev-TA, 79% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC (P <.05). Retained/residual first rib was present in 90% Prev-TA, 75% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC (P <.05). There were no differences in operative time (overall 210 ± 5 minutes), length of hospital stay (4.7 ± 0.2 days), or 30-day readmissions (7%). During follow-up of 5.6 ± 0.3 years, the improvement in QuickDASH scores was 21 ± 2 (36% ± 3%) (P <.01) and patient-rated outcomes were excellent in 10%, good in 36%, fair in 43%, and poor in 11%. Conclusions: Anatomically complete decompression for recurrent NTOS can be safely and effectively accomplished by supraclavicular reoperation, regardless of the type of previous operation. Residual scalene muscle and retained/residual first rib are more frequently encountered after transaxillary operations than after supraclavicular or multiple/combined operations. Supraclavicular reoperation can achieve significant symptom reduction and functional improvement for approximately 90% of patients with recurrent NTOS.