@article{46832a2520844f44bc895f4e835cfc7a,
title = "American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review: The Clinical Utility of Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures in the Management of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions",
abstract = "Objective: The objective of this disease state clinical review is to provide clinicians with a summary of the nonsurgical, minimally invasive approaches to managing thyroid nodules/malignancy, including their indications, efficacy, side effects, and outcomes. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and appropriate key words. Relevant publications on minimally invasive thyroid techniques were used to create this clinical review. Results: Minimally invasive thyroid techniques are effective and safe when performed by experienced centers. To date, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy is recommended for recurrent benign thyroid cysts. Both ultrasound-guided laser and radiofrequency ablation can be safely used for symptomatic solid nodules, both toxic and nontoxic. Microwave ablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound are newer approaches that need further clinical evaluation. Despite limited data, encouraging results suggest that minimally invasive techniques can also be used in small-size primary and locally recurrent thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Surgery and radioiodine treatment remain the conventional and established treatments for nodular goiters. However, the new image-guided minimally invasive approaches appear safe and effective alternatives when used appropriately and by trained professionals to treat symptomatic or enlarging thyroid masses.",
keywords = "ethanol, radiofrequency, thermal ablation, thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule",
author = "Sina Jasim and Patel, {Kepal N.} and Gregory Randolph and Stephanie Adams and Roberto Cesareo and Edward Condon and Tara Henrichsen and Malak Itani and Maria Papaleontiou and Leonardo Rangel and John Schmitz and Stan, {Marius N.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the AACE's Clinical Practice Guidelines Oversight Committee for their thoughtful reviews and insightful comments on this manuscript. This AACE disease state clinical review was developed with financial support from the AACE. All members who served on this AACE Task Force completed work on the manuscript electronically and met via video conferences. The AACE received no outside funding for the development of this manuscript. The Task Force was empaneled in accordance with the AACE's Conflict of Interest (COI) Policy and approved by the AACE COI Subcommittee. All members of the expert Task Force completed the AACE's disclosure form regarding any multiplicities of interests related to commercial and direct financial relationships within the preceding 12 months with companies that develop products connected with endocrine disorders. Categories for disclosure include employment, stock or other ownership, direct financial relationships (eg, speaker or consultant), research funding, authorship or panel involvement on a guideline related to an overlapping topic, or other situations related to a perceived COI. The AACE COI Subcommittee reviewed these disclosures against an AACE-approved list of affected companies for this clinical review and reached consensus regarding members who could serve on the Task Force in the nonconflicted majority, those who could serve in the conflicted minority with management strategy, and those who were disqualified from serving on the Task Force. The AACE Clinical Practice Guidelines Oversight Committee reviewed and approved the AACE COI Subcommittee's decisions regarding manageable COI and empanelment. The members of this Task Force were reminded to update potential disclosures if new potential conflicts arose during their appointments and verify currency of disclosures. The AACE made every effort to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest that could influence the information presented in this clinical review. L.R. is speaker for RGS Healthcare. M.N.S. is consultant for Siemens Healthcare; Immunovant, Inc.; Horizon Pharma; and ValenzaBio Inc. The other authors have no multiplicity of interest to disclose. The Task Force was empaneled in accordance with the AACE's COI Policy and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policy. This disease state clinical review was developed by a multidisciplinary group of credentialed medical professionals in the fields of endocrinology, head and neck surgery, and radiology. Drafts of this manuscript were reviewed and approved by the writing task force, AACE CPG Oversight Committee, AACE Board of Directors, and peer reviewers for Endocrine Practice. Funding Information: We thank the AACE{\textquoteright}s Clinical Practice Guidelines Oversight Committee for their thoughtful reviews and insightful comments on this manuscript. This AACE disease state clinical review was developed with financial support from the AACE. All members who served on this AACE Task Force completed work on the manuscript electronically and met via video conferences. The AACE received no outside funding for the development of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.011",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
pages = "433--448",
journal = "Endocrine Practice",
issn = "1530-891X",
number = "4",
}