@article{e8a75e6a8b3841f78889e0cb5c5cab21,
title = "Altered Virome and Bacterial Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
abstract = "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased intestinal translocation of microbial products and enteropathy as well as alterations in gut bacterial communities. However, whether the enteric virome contributes to this infection and resulting immunodeficiency remains unknown. We characterized the enteric virome and bacterial microbiome in a cohort of Ugandan patients, including HIV-uninfected or HIV-infected subjects and those either treated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) or untreated. Low peripheral CD4 T cell counts were associated with an expansion of enteric adenovirus sequences and this increase was independent of ART treatment. Additionally, the enteric bacterial microbiome of patients with lower CD4 T counts exhibited reduced phylogenetic diversity and richness with specific bacteria showing differential abundance, including increases in Enterobacteriaceae, which have been associated with inflammation. Thus, immunodeficiency in progressive HIV infection is associated with alterations in the enteric virome and bacterial microbiome, which may contribute to AIDS-associated enteropathy and disease progression.",
keywords = "AIDS, AIDS enteropathy, HIV, adenovirus, microbiome, systemic inflammation, virome",
author = "Monaco, {Cynthia L.} and Gootenberg, {David B.} and Guoyan Zhao and Handley, {Scott A.} and Ghebremichael, {Musie S.} and Lim, {Efrem S.} and Alex Lankowski and Baldridge, {Megan T.} and Wilen, {Craig B.} and Meaghan Flagg and Norman, {Jason M.} and Keller, {Brian C.} and Lu{\'e}vano, {Jes{\'u}s Mario} and David Wang and Yap Boum and Martin, {Jeffrey N.} and Hunt, {Peter W.} and Bangsberg, {David R.} and Siedner, {Mark J.} and Kwon, {Douglas S.} and Skip Virgin",
note = "Funding Information: UARTO was funded by R01 MH54907 and R21 HL124712-01 (Bangsberg). The following were supported by NIH training grants: C.L.M. (5T32AI007172-34), M.T.B. (5T32CA009547), J.M.N. (5T32AI007163-35), and B.C.K. (T32 HL007317-36). D.B.G. is supported by a medical student research supplement to training grant T32DK007191. H.W.V., C.L.M., S.A.H., and J.M.N. were supported by R24 ODO19793, R01 OD011170, R01 AI111918, and R01 DK101354. M.J.S. was supported by K23 MH099916, M.G. is supported by Harvard CFAR 2P30 AI060354, and the Harvard Center for AIDS Research. J.N.M. was supported by NIH grants P30 AI027763, R01 MH054907, and UM1 CA181255. We would like to thank the Genome Technology Access Center (GTAC) in the Department of Genetics and Jessica Hoisington-Lopez from the Center for Genome Sciences at Washington University School of Medicine for use of their instruments and sequencing. GTAC is partially supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant #P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA Grant# UL1TR000448 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). This publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. We would like to thank study participants and research nurses for sample collection. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2016",
month = mar,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1016/j.chom.2016.02.011",
language = "English",
volume = "19",
pages = "311--322",
journal = "Cell Host and Microbe",
issn = "1931-3128",
number = "3",
}