TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in Modeling the Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer
AU - Yoon, Paul Sukwoo
AU - Del Piccolo, Nuala
AU - Shirure, Venktesh S.
AU - Peng, Yushuan
AU - Kirane, Amanda
AU - Canter, Robert J.
AU - Fields, Ryan C.
AU - George, Steven C.
AU - Gholami, Sepideh
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Yoon, Del Piccolo, Shirure, Peng, Kirane, Canter, Fields, George and Gholami.
PY - 2021/2/10
Y1 - 2021/2/10
N2 - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells into CRC tumors and liver metastases accurately predicts disease progression and patient survival. Despite the evident influence of immune cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), efforts to identify immunotherapies for CRC patients have been limited. Here, we argue that preclinical model systems that recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment—including tumor, stromal, and immune cells; the extracellular matrix; and the vasculature—are crucial for studies of immunity in the CRC TME and the utility of immunotherapies for CRC patients. We briefly review the discoveries, advantages, and disadvantages of current in vitro and in vivo model systems, including 2D cell culture models, 3D culture systems, murine models, and organ-on-a-chip technologies.
AB - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells into CRC tumors and liver metastases accurately predicts disease progression and patient survival. Despite the evident influence of immune cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), efforts to identify immunotherapies for CRC patients have been limited. Here, we argue that preclinical model systems that recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment—including tumor, stromal, and immune cells; the extracellular matrix; and the vasculature—are crucial for studies of immunity in the CRC TME and the utility of immunotherapies for CRC patients. We briefly review the discoveries, advantages, and disadvantages of current in vitro and in vivo model systems, including 2D cell culture models, 3D culture systems, murine models, and organ-on-a-chip technologies.
KW - cancer immunology
KW - colorectal cancer
KW - organ-on-a-chip (OOC)
KW - tissue engineering
KW - tumor microenvironment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101648015&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614300
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614300
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33643296
AN - SCOPUS:85101648015
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 614300
ER -