TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in 3-dimensional radiation treatment planning systems
T2 - Room-view display with real time interactivity
AU - Purdy, James A.
AU - Harms, William B.
AU - Matthews, John W.
AU - Drzymala, Robert
AU - Emami, Bahman
AU - Simpson, Joseph R.
AU - Manolis, Janice
AU - Rosenberger, Fred U.
N1 - Funding Information:
by the CMS software engineering and programming staff. This work was supported in part by NIH-NC1 Contracts CM-47696, CM-67915 and CM-97564, NIH Grants RR01379 and RR0 1380, and an Industrial Grant from Computerized Medical Systems (CMS), Inc, St. Louis. Accepted for publication 2 June 1993.
PY - 1993/11/15
Y1 - 1993/11/15
N2 - Purpose: We describe our 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation treatment planning system for external photon and electron beam 3-D treatment planning which provides high performance computational speed and a real-time display which we have named "room-view" in which the simulated target volumes, critical structures, skin surfaces, radiation beams and/or dose surfaces can be viewed on the display monitor from any arbitrary viewing position. Methods and Materials: We have implemented the 3-D planning system on a graphics superworkstation with parallel processing. Patient's anatomical features are extracted from contiguous computed tomography scan images and are displayed as wireloops or solid surfaces. Radiation beams are displayed as a set of diverging rays plus the polygons formed by the intersection of these rays with planes perpendicular to the beam axis. Controls are provided for each treatment machine motion function. Photon dose calculations are performed using an effective pathlength algorithm modified to accommodate 3-D off-center ratios. Electron dose calculations are performed using a 3-D pencil beam model. Results: Dose distribution information can be displayed as 3-D dose surfaces, dose-volume histograms, or as isodoses superimposed on 2-D gray scale images of the patient's anatomy. Tumor-control-probabilities, normal-tissue-complication probabilities and a figure-of-merit score function are generated to aid in plan evaluation. A split-screen display provides a beam's-eye-view for beam positioning and design of patient shielding block apertures and a concurrent "room-view" display of the patient and beam icon for viewing multiple beam set-ups, beam positioning, and plan evaluation. Both views are simultaneously interactive. Conclusion: The development of an interactive 3-D radiation treatment planning system with a real-time room-view display has been accomplished. The concurrent real-time beam's-eye-view and room-view display significantly improves the efficacy of the 3-D planning process.
AB - Purpose: We describe our 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation treatment planning system for external photon and electron beam 3-D treatment planning which provides high performance computational speed and a real-time display which we have named "room-view" in which the simulated target volumes, critical structures, skin surfaces, radiation beams and/or dose surfaces can be viewed on the display monitor from any arbitrary viewing position. Methods and Materials: We have implemented the 3-D planning system on a graphics superworkstation with parallel processing. Patient's anatomical features are extracted from contiguous computed tomography scan images and are displayed as wireloops or solid surfaces. Radiation beams are displayed as a set of diverging rays plus the polygons formed by the intersection of these rays with planes perpendicular to the beam axis. Controls are provided for each treatment machine motion function. Photon dose calculations are performed using an effective pathlength algorithm modified to accommodate 3-D off-center ratios. Electron dose calculations are performed using a 3-D pencil beam model. Results: Dose distribution information can be displayed as 3-D dose surfaces, dose-volume histograms, or as isodoses superimposed on 2-D gray scale images of the patient's anatomy. Tumor-control-probabilities, normal-tissue-complication probabilities and a figure-of-merit score function are generated to aid in plan evaluation. A split-screen display provides a beam's-eye-view for beam positioning and design of patient shielding block apertures and a concurrent "room-view" display of the patient and beam icon for viewing multiple beam set-ups, beam positioning, and plan evaluation. Both views are simultaneously interactive. Conclusion: The development of an interactive 3-D radiation treatment planning system with a real-time room-view display has been accomplished. The concurrent real-time beam's-eye-view and room-view display significantly improves the efficacy of the 3-D planning process.
KW - Plan evaluation
KW - Real time room-view
KW - Three-dimensional treatment planning
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0027370587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0360-3016(93)90471-7
DO - 10.1016/0360-3016(93)90471-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 8244826
AN - SCOPUS:0027370587
SN - 0360-3016
VL - 27
SP - 933
EP - 944
JO - International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
JF - International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
IS - 4
ER -