TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron Variants via MXene-Graphene Hybrid Biosensors Utilizing Nucleic Acid Probes
AU - Li, Jiaoli
AU - Zhang, Yuwei
AU - Wei, Congjie
AU - Li, Yanxiao
AU - Peng, Zhekun
AU - Chuang, Hsin Yin
AU - Pearce, Logan
AU - Boon, Adrianus
AU - Huang, Yue Wern
AU - Kim, Dong Hyun
AU - Wang, Risheng
AU - Wu, Chenglin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2024/12/27
Y1 - 2024/12/27
N2 - Low-cost biosensors that can rapidly and widely detect viruses are critical for faster diagnosis and treatment decision-making, especially for infections. The commonly used field-effect transistor is sensitive to the biomarker’s detection but struggles with precise detection, particularly of nontargets such as ions and proteins. To overcome this limitation, we developed a field-effect transistor biosensor design based on MXene-graphene materials to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of virus detection. Based on the hybridization process between two complementary DNA strands, single-stranded nucleic acids were immobilized on the sensing surface via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde to capture the nucleic acids of the target virus. The addition of the MXene layer provides a reduced system capacitance and tuned bandgap compared to that of stand-alone graphene. This tuning can significantly enhance the sensitivity of the developed platform. The SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant were used to validate the developed biosensor. The results showed high accuracy with detection limits as low as 1 × 10-21 and 1 × 10-22 mol/L (60.2 and 6.02 copies/L equivalently), for SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant, respectively. Twenty-four clinical tests were also conducted using the developed ssDNA-MXene-graphene biosensors with patients’ nasopharyngeal swab samples. The biosensor’s results closely matched those of the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection but with a significantly shorter detection time, demonstrating the sensors’ real-time, in situ, practical application. This result also demonstrates the promising future of MXene-based biosensors for virus detection using nucleic acid probes.
AB - Low-cost biosensors that can rapidly and widely detect viruses are critical for faster diagnosis and treatment decision-making, especially for infections. The commonly used field-effect transistor is sensitive to the biomarker’s detection but struggles with precise detection, particularly of nontargets such as ions and proteins. To overcome this limitation, we developed a field-effect transistor biosensor design based on MXene-graphene materials to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of virus detection. Based on the hybridization process between two complementary DNA strands, single-stranded nucleic acids were immobilized on the sensing surface via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde to capture the nucleic acids of the target virus. The addition of the MXene layer provides a reduced system capacitance and tuned bandgap compared to that of stand-alone graphene. This tuning can significantly enhance the sensitivity of the developed platform. The SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant were used to validate the developed biosensor. The results showed high accuracy with detection limits as low as 1 × 10-21 and 1 × 10-22 mol/L (60.2 and 6.02 copies/L equivalently), for SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant, respectively. Twenty-four clinical tests were also conducted using the developed ssDNA-MXene-graphene biosensors with patients’ nasopharyngeal swab samples. The biosensor’s results closely matched those of the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection but with a significantly shorter detection time, demonstrating the sensors’ real-time, in situ, practical application. This result also demonstrates the promising future of MXene-based biosensors for virus detection using nucleic acid probes.
KW - Omicron variant
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - clinical tests
KW - field-effect transistor biosensor
KW - ssDNA-MXene-graphene
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211378499&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsanm.4c05198
DO - 10.1021/acsanm.4c05198
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85211378499
SN - 2574-0970
VL - 7
SP - 28255
EP - 28272
JO - ACS Applied Nano Materials
JF - ACS Applied Nano Materials
IS - 24
ER -