Acute gastroenteritis

• Based on epidemiologic evidence, most episodes of acute gastroenteritis are self-limited, and laboratory investigations should be performed only if the results will influence the management and outcome of a specific patient. • Based on strong evidence, an adequate history and physical examination allow the clinician to classify the acute diarrheal illness, assess the severity of dehydration, determine whether investigations are needed, and begin the appropriate management. • Based on strong evidence, administration of ORSs is the preferred method for replacing fluid and electrolyte deficits resulting from intestinal tract losses in children who have acute gastroenteritis. • Based on strong evidence, rapid reinstitution of an unrestricted age-appropriate diet should be introduced as part of the maintenance phase of treatment. • Strong evidence suggests that pharmacologic therapy generally is not indicated in cases of acute gastroenteritis, and the use of drugs may complicate the natural course of the disease.