@article{c2af4779517948b196bb2a5be777dc3b,
title = "A twin study of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, panic disorder symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in men",
abstract = "Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occur. We investigated whether and to what degree genetic and environmental contributions overlap among symptoms of GAD, symptoms of PD and PTSD. Subjects were 3327 monozygotic and dizygotic male-male twin pair members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry who participated in a 1992 telephone administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Version 3 Revised (DIS3R). Genetic model fitting was performed to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental contributions to the lifetime co-occurrence of GAD symptoms, PD symptoms and PTSD. The liability for GAD symptoms was due to a 37.9% additive genetic contribution common to PD symptoms and PTSD. Liability for PD symptoms was due to a 20.7% additive genetic contribution common to GAD symptoms and PTSD, and a 20.1% additive genetic influence specific to PD symptoms. Additive genetic influences common to symptoms of GAD and PD accounted for 21.3% of the genetic variance in PTSD. Additive genetic influences specific to PTSD accounted for 13.6% of the genetic variance in PTSD. Remaining variance for all three disorders was due to unique environmental factors both common and specific to each phenotype. These results suggest that these disorders each have etiologically distinct components and also have significant genetic and unique environmental contributions in common.",
keywords = "Anxiety disorder, Panic disorder, Post-traumatic stress, Twin study",
author = "Chantarujikapong, {Sunanta I.} and Scherrer, {Jeffrey F.} and Hong Xian and Eisen, {Seth A.} and Lyons, {Michael J.} and Jack Goldberg and Ming Tsuang and True, {William R.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service and the Co-operative Studies Program (Study 992). Partial support was provided by NIDA (Bethesda, Md) grants DA4604 and DA00272; NIAAA grants AA11822, AA10339 and AA07728; Great Lakes Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Program, Ann Arbor, Mich, LIP 41–065; NIMH grants MH-37685 and MH-31302; and NIDA training grant DAO72261-01 awarded to Washington University, St. Louis, MO. The authors acknowledge the work of the following people: (1) Midwest Center for Health Services and Policy Research and the Co-operative Studies Program: Vietnam Era Twin Registry, Director, W.G. Henderson, Ph.D., Epidemiologist, J. Goldberg, Ph.D., Registry Programmer, K. Bukowski, Coordinator, M.E. Vitek; (2) VET Registry Advisory Committee: A.G. Bearn, M.D. (past), G. Chase, Sc.D. (past), T. Colton, Sc.D., W.E. Nance, M.D., Ph.D., R.S. Paffenbarger, Jr., M.D., Dr P.H., M.M. Weissman, Ph.D. and R.R. Williams, M.D.; (3) DVA Chief Research and Development Officer: John R. Feussner, M.D., DVA Health Services Research and Development Service: Deputy Director, S. Meehan, M.B.A., Ph.D., Program Manager, C. Welch, III, Ph.D. The authors acknowledge Greg Carey, Ph.D., Lindon Eaves, Ph.D., D.Sc. and Irving I. Gottesman, Ph.D. for their contributions to the early development of the twin Registry. The following organizations provided invaluable support in the conduct of this study: Department of Defense; National Personnel Records Center, National Archives and Records Administration; the Internal Revenue Service; National Opinion Research Center; National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences; the Institute for Survey Research, Temple University. Most importantly, the authors gratefully acknowledge the continued co-operation and participation of the members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Without their contribution this research would not have been possible.",
year = "2001",
month = sep,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00285-2",
language = "English",
volume = "103",
pages = "133--145",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
issn = "0165-1781",
number = "2-3",
}