TY - JOUR
T1 - A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit
AU - Patel, Mitesh S.
AU - Milkman, Katherine L.
AU - Gandhi, Linnea
AU - Graci, Heather N.
AU - Gromet, Dena
AU - Ho, Hung
AU - Kay, Joseph S.
AU - Lee, Timothy W.
AU - Rothschild, Jake
AU - Akinola, Modupe
AU - Beshears, John
AU - Bogard, Jonathan E.
AU - Buttenheim, Alison
AU - Chabris, Christopher
AU - Chapman, Gretchen B.
AU - Choi, James J.
AU - Dai, Hengchen
AU - Fox, Craig R.
AU - Goren, Amir
AU - Hilchey, Matthew D.
AU - Hmurovic, Jillian
AU - John, Leslie K.
AU - Karlan, Dean
AU - Kim, Melanie
AU - Laibson, David
AU - Lamberton, Cait
AU - Madrian, Brigitte C.
AU - Meyer, Michelle N.
AU - Modanu, Maria
AU - Nam, Jimin
AU - Rogers, Todd
AU - Rondina, Renante
AU - Saccardo, Silvia
AU - Shermohammed, Maheen
AU - Soman, Dilip
AU - Sparks, Jehan
AU - Warren, Caleb
AU - Weber, Megan
AU - Berman, Ron
AU - Evans, Chalanda N.
AU - Lee, Seung Hyeong
AU - Snider, Christopher K.
AU - Tsukayama, Eli
AU - Van den Bulte, Christophe
AU - Volpp, Kevin G.
AU - Duckworth, Angela L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021. Subjects: 74,811 adults. Interventions: Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content. Measures: Influenza vaccination. Analysis: Intention-to-treat. Results: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% (P =.005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as “reserved for you” and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P <.001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as “reserved for you.” None of the interventions performed worse than control. Conclusions: Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
AB - Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021. Subjects: 74,811 adults. Interventions: Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content. Measures: Influenza vaccination. Analysis: Intention-to-treat. Results: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% (P =.005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as “reserved for you” and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P <.001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as “reserved for you.” None of the interventions performed worse than control. Conclusions: Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
KW - COVID-19
KW - behavioral nudge
KW - influenza
KW - text message
KW - vaccination
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85139474066
U2 - 10.1177/08901171221131021
DO - 10.1177/08901171221131021
M3 - Article
C2 - 36195982
AN - SCOPUS:85139474066
SN - 0890-1171
VL - 37
SP - 324
EP - 332
JO - American Journal of Health Promotion
JF - American Journal of Health Promotion
IS - 3
ER -