@article{437a8603a7994d5286991de14a093dd2,
title = "A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context",
abstract = "Introduction: Health disparities arise from biological-environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort. Methods: We estimated brain age gap (BAG) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 239 city-dwelling participants in St. Louis, Missouri. We compared these participants to population-level estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). We used geospatial analysis to identify neighborhoods associated with patterns of altered brain structure. We also evaluated the relationship between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and BAG. Results: We identify areas in St. Louis, Missouri that were significantly associated with higher BAG from a spatially representative cohort. We provide replication code. Conclusion: We observe a relationship between neighborhoods and brain health, which suggests that neighborhood-based interventions could be appropriate. We encourage other studies to geocode participant information to evaluate biological-environmental interaction.",
keywords = "brain imaging, epidemiologic methods, magnetic resonance imaging",
author = "Wisch, {Julie K.} and Babulal, {Ganesh M.} and Kalen Petersen and Millar, {Peter R.} and Enbal Shacham and Stephen Scroggins and Boerwinkle, {Anna H.} and Shaney Flores and Sarah Keefe and Brian Gordon and John Morris and Ances, {Beau M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01NR012907 (B.A.), R01NR012657 (B.A.), R01NR014449 (B.A.), R01DA054009 (B.A.), R01MH118031 (B.A.), K01 AG053474 (B.G.), F32MH129151 (K.J.P.), P30 AG066444 (J.C.M.), P01AG003991 (J.C.M.), P01AG026276 (J.C.M.), U19 AG032438 (J.C.M.), and U19 AG024904 (J.C.M.). This work was also supported by the generous support of the Barnes‐Jewish Hospital; the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Foundation (UL1 TR000448); the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders; the Paula and Rodger O. Riney Fund; the Daniel J Brennan MD Fund; the Fred Simmons Olga Mohan Fund; the Bright Focus Foundation A2022014F (P.R.M.); and the Chuck Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01NR012907 (B.A.), R01NR012657 (B.A.), R01NR014449 (B.A.), R01DA054009 (B.A.), R01MH118031 (B.A.), K01 AG053474 (B.G.), F32MH129151 (K.J.P.), P30 AG066444 (J.C.M.), P01AG003991 (J.C.M.), P01AG026276 (J.C.M.), U19 AG032438 (J.C.M.), and U19 AG024904 (J.C.M.). This work was also supported by the generous support of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital; the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Foundation (UL1 TR000448); the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders; the Paula and Rodger O. Riney Fund; the Daniel J Brennan MD Fund; the Fred Simmons Olga Mohan Fund; the Bright Focus Foundation A2022014F (P.R.M.); and the Chuck Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/dad2.12413",
language = "English",
volume = "15",
journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring",
issn = "2352-8729",
number = "1",
}