TY - JOUR
T1 - A Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-based (PALS) atlas of human cerebral cortex
AU - Van Essen, David C.
N1 - Funding Information:
I thank J. Harwell, D. Hanlon, and J. Dickson for superlative software development; E. Reid for excellent data analysis; S. Danker for manuscript preparation; R. Buckner for MRI data sets; J. Hegde for advice on statistical methods; K. Zilles, K. Amunts, and H. Mohlberg for providing probabilistic architectonic data sets; and A. Snyder, M. Raichle, R. Buckner, and D. Fair for valuable discussions. This project was supported by NIH Research Grant R01-MH-60974, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and the National Science Foundation.
PY - 2005/11/15
Y1 - 2005/11/15
N2 - This report describes a new electronic atlas of human cerebral cortex that provides a substrate for a wide variety of brain-mapping analyses. The Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-based (PALS) atlas approach involves surface-based and volume-based representations of cortical shape, each available as population averages and as individual subject data. The specific PALS-B12 atlas introduced here is derived from structural MRI volumes of 12 normal young adults. Accurate cortical surface reconstructions were generated for each hemisphere, and the surfaces were inflated, flattened, and mapped to standard spherical configurations using SureFit and Caret software. A target atlas sphere was generated by averaging selected landmark contours from each of the 24 contributing hemispheres. Each individual hemisphere was deformed to this target using landmark-constrained surface registration. The utility of the resultant PALS-B12 atlas was demonstrated using a variety of analyses. (i) Probabilistic maps of sulcal identity were generated using both surface-based registration (SBR) and conventional volume-based registration (VBR). The SBR approach achieved markedly better consistency of sulcal alignment than did VBR. (ii) A method is introduced for 'multi-fiducial mapping' of volume-averaged group data (e.g., fMRI data, probabilistic architectonic maps) onto each individual hemisphere in the atlas, followed by spatial averaging across the individual maps. This yielded a population-average surface representation that circumvents the biases inherent in choosing any single hemisphere as a target. (iii) Surface-based and volume-based morphometry applied to maps of sulcal depth and sulcal identity demonstrated prominent left-right asymmetries in and near the superior temporal sulcus and Sylvian fissure. Moreover, shape variability in the temporal lobe is significantly greater in the left than the right hemisphere. The PALS-B12 atlas has been registered to other surface-based atlases to facilitate interchange of data and comparison across atlases. All data sets in the PALS-B12 atlas are accessible via the SumsDB database for online and offline visualization and analysis.
AB - This report describes a new electronic atlas of human cerebral cortex that provides a substrate for a wide variety of brain-mapping analyses. The Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-based (PALS) atlas approach involves surface-based and volume-based representations of cortical shape, each available as population averages and as individual subject data. The specific PALS-B12 atlas introduced here is derived from structural MRI volumes of 12 normal young adults. Accurate cortical surface reconstructions were generated for each hemisphere, and the surfaces were inflated, flattened, and mapped to standard spherical configurations using SureFit and Caret software. A target atlas sphere was generated by averaging selected landmark contours from each of the 24 contributing hemispheres. Each individual hemisphere was deformed to this target using landmark-constrained surface registration. The utility of the resultant PALS-B12 atlas was demonstrated using a variety of analyses. (i) Probabilistic maps of sulcal identity were generated using both surface-based registration (SBR) and conventional volume-based registration (VBR). The SBR approach achieved markedly better consistency of sulcal alignment than did VBR. (ii) A method is introduced for 'multi-fiducial mapping' of volume-averaged group data (e.g., fMRI data, probabilistic architectonic maps) onto each individual hemisphere in the atlas, followed by spatial averaging across the individual maps. This yielded a population-average surface representation that circumvents the biases inherent in choosing any single hemisphere as a target. (iii) Surface-based and volume-based morphometry applied to maps of sulcal depth and sulcal identity demonstrated prominent left-right asymmetries in and near the superior temporal sulcus and Sylvian fissure. Moreover, shape variability in the temporal lobe is significantly greater in the left than the right hemisphere. The PALS-B12 atlas has been registered to other surface-based atlases to facilitate interchange of data and comparison across atlases. All data sets in the PALS-B12 atlas are accessible via the SumsDB database for online and offline visualization and analysis.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=27344452992&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.058
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.058
M3 - Article
C2 - 16172003
AN - SCOPUS:27344452992
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 28
SP - 635
EP - 662
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
IS - 3
ER -