TY - JOUR
T1 - A piezo-powered floating-gate sensor array for long-term fatigue monitoring in biomechanical implants
AU - Lajnef, Nizar
AU - Elvin, Niell G.
AU - Chakrabartty, Shantanu
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received November 01, 2007; revised February 26, 2008. Current version published October 24, 2008. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI: 0700632. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor Y. Lian.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Measurement of the cumulative loading statistics experienced by an implant is essential for prediction of long-term fatigue failure. However, the total power that can be harvested using typical in-vivo strain levels is less than 1 μW. In this paper, we present a novel method for long-term, battery-less fatigue monitoring by integrating piezoelectric transduction with hot-electron injection on a floating-gate transistor array. Measured results from a fabricated prototype in a 0.5-μ CMOS process demonstrate that the array can sense, compute, and store loading statistics for over 70000 stress-strain cycles which can be extended to beyond 107 cycles. The measured response also shows excellent agreement with a theoretical model and the nominal power dissipation of the array has been measured to be less than 800 nW.
AB - Measurement of the cumulative loading statistics experienced by an implant is essential for prediction of long-term fatigue failure. However, the total power that can be harvested using typical in-vivo strain levels is less than 1 μW. In this paper, we present a novel method for long-term, battery-less fatigue monitoring by integrating piezoelectric transduction with hot-electron injection on a floating-gate transistor array. Measured results from a fabricated prototype in a 0.5-μ CMOS process demonstrate that the array can sense, compute, and store loading statistics for over 70000 stress-strain cycles which can be extended to beyond 107 cycles. The measured response also shows excellent agreement with a theoretical model and the nominal power dissipation of the array has been measured to be less than 800 nW.
KW - Biomechanics
KW - Fatigue
KW - Piezoelectric transducers
KW - Self-powered sensing
KW - Strain sensors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=56349096320&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TBCAS.2008.2001473
DO - 10.1109/TBCAS.2008.2001473
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:56349096320
SN - 1932-4545
VL - 2
SP - 164
EP - 172
JO - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
IS - 3
ER -