@article{5a6dd8d9b308454b80bc1b3a6dac1a21,
title = "A Novel Method for High-Dimensional Anatomical Mapping of Extra-Axial Cerebrospinal Fluid: Application to the Infant Brain",
abstract = "Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an essential role in early postnatal brain development. Extra-axial CSF (EA-CSF) volume, which is characterized by CSF in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, is a promising marker in the early detection of young children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies have focused on global EA-CSF volume across the entire dorsal extent of the brain, and not regionally-specific EA-CSF measurements, because no tools were previously available for extracting local EA-CSF measures suitable for localized cortical surface analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the localized, cortical surface-based analysis of EA-CSF. The proposed processing framework combines probabilistic brain tissue segmentation, cortical surface reconstruction, and streamline-based local EA-CSF quantification. The quantitative analysis of local EA-CSF was applied to a dataset of typically developing infants with longitudinal MRI scans from 6 to 24 months of age. There was a high degree of consistency in the spatial patterns of local EA-CSF across age using the proposed methods. Statistical analysis of local EA-CSF revealed several novel findings: several regions of the cerebral cortex showed reductions in EA-CSF from 6 to 24 months of age, and specific regions showed higher local EA-CSF in males compared to females. These age-, sex-, and anatomically-specific patterns of local EA-CSF would not have been observed if only a global EA-CSF measure were utilized. The proposed methods are integrated into a freely available, open-source, cross-platform, user-friendly software tool, allowing neuroimaging labs to quantify local extra-axial CSF in their neuroimaging studies to investigate its role in typical and atypical brain development.",
keywords = "EA-CSF, Laplacian PDE, autism, brain development, extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid, neurodevelopmental disorders, structural MRI, surface analysis",
author = "Mahmoud Mostapha and Kim, {Sun Hyung} and Evans, {Alan C.} and Dager, {Stephen R.} and Estes, {Annette M.} and McKinstry, {Robert C.} and Botteron, {Kelly N.} and Guido Gerig and Pizer, {Stephen M.} and Schultz, {Robert T.} and Hazlett, {Heather C.} and Joseph Piven and Girault, {Jessica B.} and Shen, {Mark D.} and Styner, {Martin A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are sincerely grateful to all the families and children who have participated in the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS). The Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS) Network is an NIH funded Autism Centers of Excellence project and consists of a consortium of 9 universities in the U.S. and Canada. Members and components of the IBIS Network include: J. Piven (IBIS Network PI), Clinical Sites: University of North Carolina: HH, C. Chappell, M.D. Shen, M. Swanson; University of Washington: SD, AE, D. Shaw, T. St. John; Washington University: KB, J. Constantino; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: RS, J. Pandey. Behavior Core: University of Washington: AE; University of Alberta: L. Zwaigenbaum; University of Minnesota: J. Elison, J. Wolff. Imaging Core: University of North Carolina: MS; New York University: GG; Washington University in St. Louis: RM, J. Pruett. Data Coordinating Center: Montreal Neurological Institute: AE, D.L. Collins, V. Fonov, L. MacIntyre; S. Das. Statistical Analysis Core: K. Truong. Environmental risk core: John Hopkins University: H. Volk. Genetics Core: John Hopkins University: D. Fallin; University of North Carolina: MS. Funding. This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-HD055741, T32-HD040127, U54-HD079124, U54-HD086984, and R01-EB021391), Autism Speaks, and the Simons Foundation (#140209). MDS is supported by a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) career development award (K12-HD001441). The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Mostapha, Kim, Evans, Dager, Estes, McKinstry, Botteron, Gerig, Pizer, Schultz, Hazlett, Piven, Girault, Shen and Styner.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3389/fnins.2020.561556",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
journal = "Frontiers in Neuroscience",
issn = "1662-4548",
}