TY - JOUR
T1 - A molecular understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody protection
AU - Kim, Arthur S.
AU - Diamond, Michael S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank J. Fox for insightful discussions and comments. Research in the authors’ laboratories was supported by US NIH grants R01 AI143673, U19 AI142790, R01 AI164653, R01 AI141436 and R01 AI127513 (to M.S.D.), and T32 AI172293 (to A.S.K.). A.S.K. acknowledges support from Open Philanthropy and the Life Sciences Research Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that cause epidemics of human infection and disease on a global scale. These viruses are classified as either arthritogenic or encephalitic based on their genetic relatedness and the clinical syndromes they cause. Although there are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines against alphaviruses, passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies confers protection in animal models. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the host factors required for alphavirus entry, the mechanisms of action by which protective antibodies inhibit different steps in the alphavirus infection cycle and candidate alphavirus vaccines currently under clinical evaluation that focus on humoral immunity. A comprehensive understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody-mediated protection may inform the development of new classes of countermeasures for these emerging viruses.
AB - Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that cause epidemics of human infection and disease on a global scale. These viruses are classified as either arthritogenic or encephalitic based on their genetic relatedness and the clinical syndromes they cause. Although there are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines against alphaviruses, passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies confers protection in animal models. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the host factors required for alphavirus entry, the mechanisms of action by which protective antibodies inhibit different steps in the alphavirus infection cycle and candidate alphavirus vaccines currently under clinical evaluation that focus on humoral immunity. A comprehensive understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody-mediated protection may inform the development of new classes of countermeasures for these emerging viruses.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143428517&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41579-022-00825-7
DO - 10.1038/s41579-022-00825-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36474012
AN - SCOPUS:85143428517
SN - 1740-1526
JO - Nature Reviews Microbiology
JF - Nature Reviews Microbiology
ER -