3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms

Shruthi Srinivasan; Kevin N. Eckstein; Daniel Yoon; Ned C. Rouze; Kaden D. Bock; Estela Villacis; Philip V. Bayly; Kathryn R. Nightingale

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107048

3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms

Shruthi Srinivasan, Kevin N. Eckstein, Daniel Yoon, Ned C. Rouze, Kaden D. Bock, Estela Villacis, Philip V. Bayly, Kathryn R. Nightingale

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms.

Original language	English
Article number	107048
Journal	Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
Volume	170
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107048
State	Published - Oct 2025

Keywords

Anisotropy
Calibrating phantoms
Lattice structure
Mechanical testing
Shear wave elasticity imaging

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10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107048

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title = "3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms",

abstract = "We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms.",

keywords = "Anisotropy, Calibrating phantoms, Lattice structure, Mechanical testing, Shear wave elasticity imaging",

author = "Shruthi Srinivasan and Eckstein, {Kevin N.} and Daniel Yoon and Rouze, {Ned C.} and Bock, {Kaden D.} and Estela Villacis and Bayly, {Philip V.} and Nightingale, {Kathryn R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107048",

language = "English",

volume = "170",

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AU - Srinivasan, Shruthi

AU - Eckstein, Kevin N.

AU - Yoon, Daniel

AU - Rouze, Ned C.

AU - Bock, Kaden D.

AU - Villacis, Estela

AU - Bayly, Philip V.

AU - Nightingale, Kathryn R.

PY - 2025/10

Y1 - 2025/10

N2 - We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms.

AB - We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms.

KW - Anisotropy

KW - Calibrating phantoms

KW - Lattice structure

KW - Mechanical testing

KW - Shear wave elasticity imaging

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JO - Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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ER -

3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms

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