33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Chad A. Mirkin; Sarah Hurst Petrosko; Natalie Artzi; Koray Aydin; Austin Biaggne; C. Jeffrey Brinker; Katherine E. Bujold; Y. Charles Cao; Rachel R. Chan; Chaojian Chen; Peng Cheng Chen; Xiaodong Chen; Olivier J.G.L. Chevalier; Chung Hang Jonathan Choi; Richard M. Crooks; Vinayak P. Dravid; Jingshan S. Du; Sasha B. Ebrahimi; Hongyou Fan; Omar K. Farha; C. Adrian Figg; Tanner D. Fink; Connor M. Forsyth; Harald Fuchs; Franz M. Geiger; Nathan C. Gianneschi; Kyle J. Gibson; David S. Ginger; Si Shi Guo; Justin S. Hanes; Liangliang Hao; Jin Huang; Bryan M. Hunter; Fengwei Huo; Jeongmin Hwang; Rongchao Jin; Shana O. Kelley; Thomas J. Kempa; Youngeun Kim; Sergej Kudruk; Sneha Kumari; Kaitlin M. Landy; Ki Bum Lee; Noel J. Leon; Jun Li; Yuanwei Li; Zhiwei Li; Bin Liu; Guoliang Liu; Xiaogang Liu; Luis M. Liz-Marzán; Jochen H. Lorch; Taokun Luo; Robert J. Macfarlane; Jill E. Millstone; Milan Mrksich; Catherine J. Murphy; Rajesh R. Naik; Andre E. Nel; Christopher Oetheimer; Jenny K. Hedlund Orbeck; So Jung Park; Benjamin E. Partridge; Nicholas A. Peppas; Michelle L. Personick; Arindam Raj; Namrata Ramani; Michael B. Ross; Stacey Barnaby Ross; Edward H. Sargent; Tanushri Sengupta; George C. Schatz; Dwight S. Seferos; Tamar Seideman; Soyoung Eileen Seo; Bo Shen; Wooyoung Shim; Donghoon Shin; Ulrich Simon; Andrew J. Sinegra; Peter T. Smith; Alexander M. Spokoyny; Peter J. Stang; Alexander H. Stegh; J. Fraser Stoddart; Dayne F. Swearer; Weihong Tan; Michelle H. Teplensky; C. Shad Thaxton; David R. Walt; Mary X. Wang; Zhe Wang; Wei David Wei; Paul S. Weiss; Peter H. Winegar; Younan Xia; Yi Xie; Xiaoyang Xu; Peidong Yang; Yiming Yang; Zihao Ye; Kuk Ro Yoon; Cuizheng Zhang; Hua Zhang; Ke Zhang; Liangfang Zhang; Xiaoyu Zhang; Ye Zhang; Zijian Zheng; Wenjie Zhou; Shengshuang Zhu; Wei Zhu

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Chad A. Mirkin
, Sarah Hurst Petrosko
, Natalie Artzi
, Koray Aydin
, Austin Biaggne
, C. Jeffrey Brinker
, Katherine E. Bujold
, Y. Charles Cao
, Rachel R. Chan
, Chaojian Chen
, Peng Cheng Chen
, Xiaodong Chen
, Olivier J.G.L. Chevalier
, Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
, Richard M. Crooks
, Vinayak P. Dravid
, Jingshan S. Du
, Sasha B. Ebrahimi
, Hongyou Fan
, Omar K. Farha

C. Adrian Figg, Tanner D. Fink, Connor M. Forsyth, Harald Fuchs, Franz M. Geiger, Nathan C. Gianneschi, Kyle J. Gibson, David S. Ginger, Si Shi Guo, Justin S. Hanes, Liangliang Hao, Jin Huang, Bryan M. Hunter, Fengwei Huo, Jeongmin Hwang, Rongchao Jin, Shana O. Kelley, Thomas J. Kempa, Youngeun Kim, Sergej Kudruk, Sneha Kumari, Kaitlin M. Landy, Ki Bum Lee, Noel J. Leon, Jun Li, Yuanwei Li, Zhiwei Li, Bin Liu, Guoliang Liu, Xiaogang Liu, Luis M. Liz-Marzán, Jochen H. Lorch, Taokun Luo, Robert J. Macfarlane, Jill E. Millstone, Milan Mrksich, Catherine J. Murphy, Rajesh R. Naik, Andre E. Nel, Christopher Oetheimer, Jenny K. Hedlund Orbeck, So Jung Park, Benjamin E. Partridge, Nicholas A. Peppas, Michelle L. Personick, Arindam Raj, Namrata Ramani, Michael B. Ross, Stacey Barnaby Ross, Edward H. Sargent, Tanushri Sengupta, George C. Schatz, Dwight S. Seferos, Tamar Seideman, Soyoung Eileen Seo, Bo Shen, Wooyoung Shim, Donghoon Shin, Ulrich Simon, Andrew J. Sinegra, Peter T. Smith, Alexander M. Spokoyny, Peter J. Stang, Alexander H. Stegh, J. Fraser Stoddart, Dayne F. Swearer, Weihong Tan, Michelle H. Teplensky, C. Shad Thaxton, David R. Walt, Mary X. Wang, Zhe Wang, Wei David Wei, Paul S. Weiss, Peter H. Winegar, Younan Xia, Yi Xie, Xiaoyang Xu, Peidong Yang, Yiming Yang, Zihao Ye, Kuk Ro Yoon, Cuizheng Zhang, Hua Zhang, Ke Zhang, Liangfang Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ye Zhang, Zijian Zheng, Wenjie Zhou, Shengshuang Zhu, Wei Zhu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	31933-31968
Number of pages	36
Journal	ACS nano
Volume	19
Issue number	36
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12854
State	Published - Sep 16 2025

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10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

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Mirkin, C. A., Petrosko, S. H., Artzi, N., Aydin, K., Biaggne, A., Brinker, C. J., Bujold, K. E., Cao, Y. C., Chan, R. R., Chen, C., Chen, P. C., Chen, X., Chevalier, O. J. G. L., Choi, C. H. J., Crooks, R. M., Dravid, V. P., Du, J. S., Ebrahimi, S. B., Fan, H., ... Zhu, W. (2025). 33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. ACS nano, 19(36), 31933-31968. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

@article{4a8c0e94e14e4cbe9fc74aaf81eba7f6,

title = "33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology",

abstract = "Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.",

author = "Mirkin, \{Chad A.\} and Petrosko, \{Sarah Hurst\} and Natalie Artzi and Koray Aydin and Austin Biaggne and Brinker, \{C. Jeffrey\} and Bujold, \{Katherine E.\} and Cao, \{Y. Charles\} and Chan, \{Rachel R.\} and Chaojian Chen and Chen, \{Peng Cheng\} and Xiaodong Chen and Chevalier, \{Olivier J.G.L.\} and Choi, \{Chung Hang Jonathan\} and Crooks, \{Richard M.\} and Dravid, \{Vinayak P.\} and Du, \{Jingshan S.\} and Ebrahimi, \{Sasha B.\} and Hongyou Fan and Farha, \{Omar K.\} and Figg, \{C. Adrian\} and Fink, \{Tanner D.\} and Forsyth, \{Connor M.\} and Harald Fuchs and Geiger, \{Franz M.\} and Gianneschi, \{Nathan C.\} and Gibson, \{Kyle J.\} and Ginger, \{David S.\} and Guo, \{Si Shi\} and Hanes, \{Justin S.\} and Liangliang Hao and Jin Huang and Hunter, \{Bryan M.\} and Fengwei Huo and Jeongmin Hwang and Rongchao Jin and Kelley, \{Shana O.\} and Kempa, \{Thomas J.\} and Youngeun Kim and Sergej Kudruk and Sneha Kumari and Landy, \{Kaitlin M.\} and Lee, \{Ki Bum\} and Leon, \{Noel J.\} and Jun Li and Yuanwei Li and Zhiwei Li and Bin Liu and Guoliang Liu and Xiaogang Liu and Liz-Marz{\'a}n, \{Luis M.\} and Lorch, \{Jochen H.\} and Taokun Luo and Macfarlane, \{Robert J.\} and Millstone, \{Jill E.\} and Milan Mrksich and Murphy, \{Catherine J.\} and Naik, \{Rajesh R.\} and Nel, \{Andre E.\} and Christopher Oetheimer and \{Hedlund Orbeck\}, \{Jenny K.\} and Park, \{So Jung\} and Partridge, \{Benjamin E.\} and Peppas, \{Nicholas A.\} and Personick, \{Michelle L.\} and Arindam Raj and Namrata Ramani and Ross, \{Michael B.\} and Ross, \{Stacey Barnaby\} and Sargent, \{Edward H.\} and Tanushri Sengupta and Schatz, \{George C.\} and Seferos, \{Dwight S.\} and Tamar Seideman and Seo, \{Soyoung Eileen\} and Bo Shen and Wooyoung Shim and Donghoon Shin and Ulrich Simon and Sinegra, \{Andrew J.\} and Smith, \{Peter T.\} and Spokoyny, \{Alexander M.\} and Stang, \{Peter J.\} and Stegh, \{Alexander H.\} and Stoddart, \{J. Fraser\} and Swearer, \{Dayne F.\} and Weihong Tan and Teplensky, \{Michelle H.\} and Thaxton, \{C. Shad\} and Walt, \{David R.\} and Wang, \{Mary X.\} and Zhe Wang and Wei, \{Wei David\} and Weiss, \{Paul S.\} and Winegar, \{Peter H.\} and Younan Xia and Yi Xie and Xiaoyang Xu and Peidong Yang and Yiming Yang and Zihao Ye and Yoon, \{Kuk Ro\} and Cuizheng Zhang and Hua Zhang and Ke Zhang and Liangfang Zhang and Xiaoyu Zhang and Ye Zhang and Zijian Zheng and Wenjie Zhou and Shengshuang Zhu and Wei Zhu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Published 2025 by American Chemical Society",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1021/acsnano.5c12854",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

pages = "31933--31968",

journal = "ACS nano",

issn = "1936-0851",

number = "36",

}

Mirkin, CA, Petrosko, SH, Artzi, N, Aydin, K, Biaggne, A, Brinker, CJ, Bujold, KE, Cao, YC, Chan, RR, Chen, C, Chen, PC, Chen, X, Chevalier, OJGL, Choi, CHJ, Crooks, RM, Dravid, VP, Du, JS, Ebrahimi, SB, Fan, H, Farha, OK, Figg, CA, Fink, TD, Forsyth, CM, Fuchs, H, Geiger, FM, Gianneschi, NC, Gibson, KJ, Ginger, DS, Guo, SS, Hanes, JS, Hao, L, Huang, J, Hunter, BM, Huo, F, Hwang, J, Jin, R, Kelley, SO, Kempa, TJ, Kim, Y, Kudruk, S, Kumari, S, Landy, KM, Lee, KB, Leon, NJ, Li, J, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liu, B, Liu, G, Liu, X, Liz-Marzán, LM, Lorch, JH, Luo, T, Macfarlane, RJ, Millstone, JE, Mrksich, M, Murphy, CJ, Naik, RR, Nel, AE, Oetheimer, C, Hedlund Orbeck, JK, Park, SJ, Partridge, BE, Peppas, NA, Personick, ML, Raj, A, Ramani, N, Ross, MB, Ross, SB, Sargent, EH, Sengupta, T, Schatz, GC, Seferos, DS, Seideman, T, Seo, SE, Shen, B, Shim, W, Shin, D, Simon, U, Sinegra, AJ, Smith, PT, Spokoyny, AM, Stang, PJ, Stegh, AH, Stoddart, JF, Swearer, DF, Tan, W, Teplensky, MH, Thaxton, CS, Walt, DR, Wang, MX, Wang, Z, Wei, WD, Weiss, PS, Winegar, PH, Xia, Y, Xie, Y, Xu, X, Yang, P, Yang, Y, Ye, Z, Yoon, KR, Zhang, C, Zhang, H, Zhang, K, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zheng, Z, Zhou, W, Zhu, S & Zhu, W 2025, '33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology', ACS nano, vol. 19, no. 36, pp. 31933-31968. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

TY - JOUR

T1 - 33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

AU - Mirkin, Chad A.

AU - Petrosko, Sarah Hurst

AU - Artzi, Natalie

AU - Aydin, Koray

AU - Biaggne, Austin

AU - Brinker, C. Jeffrey

AU - Bujold, Katherine E.

AU - Cao, Y. Charles

AU - Chan, Rachel R.

AU - Chen, Chaojian

AU - Chen, Peng Cheng

AU - Chen, Xiaodong

AU - Chevalier, Olivier J.G.L.

AU - Choi, Chung Hang Jonathan

AU - Crooks, Richard M.

AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.

AU - Du, Jingshan S.

AU - Ebrahimi, Sasha B.

AU - Fan, Hongyou

AU - Farha, Omar K.

AU - Figg, C. Adrian

AU - Fink, Tanner D.

AU - Forsyth, Connor M.

AU - Fuchs, Harald

AU - Geiger, Franz M.

AU - Gianneschi, Nathan C.

AU - Gibson, Kyle J.

AU - Ginger, David S.

AU - Guo, Si Shi

AU - Hanes, Justin S.

AU - Hao, Liangliang

AU - Huang, Jin

AU - Hunter, Bryan M.

AU - Huo, Fengwei

AU - Hwang, Jeongmin

AU - Jin, Rongchao

AU - Kelley, Shana O.

AU - Kempa, Thomas J.

AU - Kim, Youngeun

AU - Kudruk, Sergej

AU - Kumari, Sneha

AU - Landy, Kaitlin M.

AU - Lee, Ki Bum

AU - Leon, Noel J.

AU - Li, Jun

AU - Li, Yuanwei

AU - Li, Zhiwei

AU - Liu, Bin

AU - Liu, Guoliang

AU - Liu, Xiaogang

AU - Liz-Marzán, Luis M.

AU - Lorch, Jochen H.

AU - Luo, Taokun

AU - Macfarlane, Robert J.

AU - Millstone, Jill E.

AU - Mrksich, Milan

AU - Murphy, Catherine J.

AU - Naik, Rajesh R.

AU - Nel, Andre E.

AU - Oetheimer, Christopher

AU - Hedlund Orbeck, Jenny K.

AU - Park, So Jung

AU - Partridge, Benjamin E.

AU - Peppas, Nicholas A.

AU - Personick, Michelle L.

AU - Raj, Arindam

AU - Ramani, Namrata

AU - Ross, Michael B.

AU - Ross, Stacey Barnaby

AU - Sargent, Edward H.

AU - Sengupta, Tanushri

AU - Schatz, George C.

AU - Seferos, Dwight S.

AU - Seideman, Tamar

AU - Seo, Soyoung Eileen

AU - Shen, Bo

AU - Shim, Wooyoung

AU - Shin, Donghoon

AU - Simon, Ulrich

AU - Sinegra, Andrew J.

AU - Smith, Peter T.

AU - Spokoyny, Alexander M.

AU - Stang, Peter J.

AU - Stegh, Alexander H.

AU - Stoddart, J. Fraser

AU - Swearer, Dayne F.

AU - Tan, Weihong

AU - Teplensky, Michelle H.

AU - Thaxton, C. Shad

AU - Walt, David R.

AU - Wang, Mary X.

AU - Wang, Zhe

AU - Wei, Wei David

AU - Weiss, Paul S.

AU - Winegar, Peter H.

AU - Xia, Younan

AU - Xie, Yi

AU - Xu, Xiaoyang

AU - Yang, Peidong

AU - Yang, Yiming

AU - Ye, Zihao

AU - Yoon, Kuk Ro

AU - Zhang, Cuizheng

AU - Zhang, Hua

AU - Zhang, Ke

AU - Zhang, Liangfang

AU - Zhang, Xiaoyu

AU - Zhang, Ye

AU - Zheng, Zijian

AU - Zhou, Wenjie

AU - Zhu, Shengshuang

AU - Zhu, Wei

PY - 2025/9/16

Y1 - 2025/9/16

N2 - Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.

AB - Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016324827

U2 - 10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

DO - 10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

M3 - Article

C2 - 40905551

AN - SCOPUS:105016324827

SN - 1936-0851

VL - 19

SP - 31933

EP - 31968

JO - ACS nano

JF - ACS nano

IS - 36

ER -

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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